Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Maranda High Pre Mock Exams 2023

Instructions to candidates

• This paper has two sections A and B
• Answer all the questions in SECTION A.
• Answer question 6 and any other two questions from SECTION B.
• All answers must be written in English.

SECTION A

1.  
   1. Identify two ways in which geography is related to demography. (2 marks)
   2. State three ways in which studying of geography promotes national unity. (3 marks)
2.  
   1. Give two industrial uses of maize in Kenya. (2 marks)
   2. State three problems facing marketing of maize in Kenya. (3 marks)
3.  
   1. Apart from draining of swamps, give three other methods of land reclamation in Kenya. (3 marks)
   2. Identify two methods that are used to drain swamps in Kenya. (2 marks)
4.  
   1. Name two forest reserves found in the coastal region of Kenya. (2 marks)
   2. State three physical factors that favour the growth of natural forests in Kenya. (3 marks)
5.  
   1. Define the term Fisheries. (2 marks)
   2. Give three other modern ways of preserving fish. (3 marks)

SECTION B

Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section.

6.  
   1. The table below shows the total installed capacity of Kenya’s Energy Source Mix in Mega Watts between the years 2015 and 2018. Study it and use it to answer question 6 (a) (i)
      

      	Installed Capacity (MW)
      Energy Source	2015	2016	2017	2018
      Hydro	826	830	835	837
      Geothermal	510	626	780	823
      Wind	30	40	340	380
      Solar	25	66	95	116

      1. Using a scale of 1cm rep 200 MW, draw a compound bar graph to represent data in the table above. (8 marks)
      2. Give two disadvantages of using compound bar graph to represent data. (2 marks)
   2.  
      1. State three problems facing hydro power stations in Kenya. (3 marks)
      2. State four reasons why there is increased use of solar energy in Kenya. (4 marks)
   3.  
      1. What is energy crisis? (2 marks)
      2. Explain how energy crisis affects the following human activities in Kenya today:
         1. Transport (4 marks)
         2. Agriculture (2 marks)
7.  
   1.  
      1. Name two indigenous beef breeds in Kenya (2 marks)
      2. Give three characteristics of traditional beef farming in Kenya. (3 marks)
   2. State four physical factors that favour beef farming in Kenya. (4 marks)
   3.  
      1. Compare beef farming in Kenya and Argentina under the following subheadings;
         1. Scale of beef production (2 marks)
         2. Marketing of beef products (2 marks)
      2. Explain three problems facing beef farming in Argentina (6 marks)
   4. Students from Maranda Boys carried out a field study on a commercial ranch for beef cattle rearing.
      1. State three ways in which they prepared for the study. (3 marks)
      2. State three significance of beef farming they may have found out during the study.  (3 marks)
8.  
   1. Apart from motor vehicle assembly, name three other non-agricultural manufacturing industries in Kenya. (3 marks)
   2. Use the map of Kenya below to answer question 8(b)
      
      Name the towns marked X, Y and Z where motor vehicles are assembled. (3 marks)
   3. Explain how each of the following influence location of industries:
      1. Transport and communication (4 marks)
      2. Labour (4 marks)
   4. State three roles played by the Jua Kali sector to the economy of Kenya (3 marks)
   5. State four characteristics of cottage industries in India (4 marks)
   6. Explain two problems of rapid industrialization to the environment. (4 marks)
9.  
   1.  
      1. Define eco- tourism (2 marks)
      2. State three ways in which ecotourism has led to sustainable tourism industry in Kenya (3 marks)
   2. Explain how the following factors have influenced the growth of tourism in Kenya;
      1. Trained Personnel (2 marks)
      2. Political Stability (2 marks)
   3. Explain four measures taken by the Kenyan government to promote tourism in the country (8 marks)
   4. State two problems of tourism in the Kenyan coast. (2 marks)
   5.  
      1. Identify two tourist attractions in Switzerland. (2 marks)
      2. Give two similarities between tourism in Kenya and Switzerland. (4 marks)
10.  
    1.  
       1. Differentiate between transport and communication. (2 marks)
       2. Name three means of transport used on land . (3 marks)
    2. Explain the following factors how they influence development of transport and communication in Kenya.
       1. Technology (2 marks)
       2. Urbanization. (2 marks)
    3.  
       1. Sate three recent developments that have taken place in kenya to improve communication (3 marks) 
       2. Explain three problems facing mobile telephone networks as a means of Communication in Kenya (6 marks)
    4.  
       1. Identify three canals along the St Lawrence and Great Lakes sea way in USA and Canada. (3 marks)
       2. Explain roles played by St. Lawrence sea way to the economies of USA and Canada. (4 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Instructions to candidates

• This paper has two sections A and B
• Answer all the questions in SECTION A.
• Answer question 6 and any other two questions from SECTION B.
• All answers must be written in English.

SECTION A

1.  
   1. Identify two ways in which geography is related to demography. (2 marks
      • Geography studies population
      • Geography studies statistical methods used in demographic studies
   2. State three ways in which studying of geography promotes national unity. (3 marks)
      • Geography is a careers subject people of different careers and different tribes work together
      • Through fieldwork, leaners appreciate other peoples ways of life
      • Studying of geography creates international awareness and how interdependent people and nations are e.g learning of trade
      • It creates awareness about environmental management and conservation to reduce resource related conflicts
2.  
   1. Give two industrial uses of maize in Kenya. (2 marks
      • Maize grains is ground into flour
      • The stalks are used as animal feed/fue
      • The corn is used as raw material for cooking oil
   2. State three problems facing marketing of maize in Kenya. (3 marks
      • Presence of middlemen who exploit farmers
      • Inadequate storage facilities leading to wastage/losses
      • Low prices that leads to low returns/discourage farmer
      • Glut in the market leading low prices
3.  
   1. Apart from draining of swamps, give three other methods of land reclamation in Kenya. (3 marks)
      • Irrigating drylans
      • Planting trees/afforestation
      • Tsetsefly control
      • Use of manure
      • Control of soil erosion
      • Introducing drougt resistant crops
   2. Identify two methods that are used to drain swamps in Kenya. (2 marks)
      • Digging of open ditches/canals
      • Laying of drainage pipes
      • Pumping out water in swampy areas
      • Planting trees
4.  
   1. Name two forest reserves found in the coastal region of Kenya. (2 marks)
      • Arabuko sokoke forest
      • Boni forest
      • Mida forest
      • Kaya tiwi forest
   2. State three physical factors that favour the growth of natural forests in Kenya. (3 marks)
      • Presence of relief feature ; Mt Kenya with dense forests on the windward side
      • Highlands/altitude areas with fairly gentle terrains that support anchorage
      • High rainfall/wet climate received in parts of Kenya
      • Deep/well /drained/soils rich in minerals that support fast tree growth
      • High temperatures/hot conditions that support luxuriant growth
5.  
   1. Define the term Fisheries. (2 marks)
      • Are water bodies that contain fish and other aquatic resources
   2. Give three other modern ways of preserving fish. (3 marks)
      • Refrigeration/freezing
      • Canning
      • Chilling and Freezing,
      • Salting,
      • Fermentation
      • Drying and Dehydration,
      • Smoking

SECTION B

Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section.

6.  
   1. The table below shows the total installed capacity of Kenya’s Energy Source Mix in Mega Watts between the years 2015 and 2018. Study it and use it to answer question 6 (a) (i)
      1. Using a scale of 1cm rep 200 MW, draw a compound bar graph to represent data in the table above. (8 marks) 
         A compound bar graph showing the total installed capacity of Kenya’s Energy Source Mix in Mega Watts
                                    between the years 2015 and 2018
         
         

         	Installed Capacity (MW)
         Energy Source	2015	CT	2016	CT	2017	CT	2018	CT
         Hydro	826	826	830	830	835	835	837	837
         Geothermal	510	1336	626	1456	780	1615	823	1660
         Wind	30	1366	40	1496	340	1955	380	2040
         Solar	25	1391	66	1562	95	2050	116	2156

         Marking of Graph
         
         • Cumulative totals correctly tabulated - 2 marks
         • Correct Title(as above) – 1 mark
         • Labelled x- axis with years– 1 mark
         • Labelled y- axis with correct scale– 1 mark
         • Atlest two bars correct 1 – mark/ All bars correct - 2 marks
         • Key – 1 mark
           Total 8 marks
      2. Give two disadvantages of using compound bar graph to represent data. (2 marks)
         • Difficult to draw as it involves calculations of cumulative totals
         • Difficult to interpret as the bars are cumulative
         • Difficult to determine contributions of individual components
   2.  
      1. State three problems facing hydro power stations in Kenya. (3 marks)
         • Siltation of dams which blocks the tail race tunnels leading to low volume of water in the dam.
         • Changes in river regime are common during the dry/drought season this causes the water levels in the dams to fall thus affecting power generation
         • Inadequate funds/capital to purchase essential spare parts
         • Poor maintenance of machinery at the power houses. This is caused by inadequate funds to purchase essential spare parts.
         • Inadequate skills and technology. Kenya still has inadequate skills against the level of technologies thus power generation is low.
      2. State four reasons why there is increased use of solar energy in Kenya. (4 marks)
         • Cheap because free /Available in most parts of the country
         • Frequent power blackouts from electricity supply
         • Solar installations are easily available in the market/install and use/require little
         • High costs of electricity
         • Some parts of the country are not connected to national electric grid
         • Can be stored in batteries and used later
         • Clean/environmentally friendly/free of pollution
   3.  
      1. What is energy crisis? (2 marks)
         • This is a situation whereby the demand for oil is higher than the amount being supplied, leading to high oil prices
      2. Explain how energy crisis affects the following human activities in Kenya today:
         1. Transport (4 marks)
            • Energy crisis will lead to increase in transport costs leading to reduced travel/tourism activities
            • Increased transport costs may cause general inflation/increase in prices of goods reducing their consumption leading to industrial decline/slow economic growth/closure of industries
            • Energy crisis can lead to increase in transport costs may lead to increased use of public transport/reduced use of personal cars leading to reduced pollution
         2. Agriculture (2 marks)
            • Increased energy costs will lead to increased production costs leading abandonment/reduction of agricultural activities and thus food shortages
            • Increased energy costs will lead to increase in food prices leading to reduced sales of agricultural products/low returns to farmers
7.  
   1.  
      1. Name two indigenous beef breeds in Kenya (2 marks)
         • Zebu
         • borana
      2. Give three characteristics of traditional beef farming in Kenya. (3 marks)
         • Practiced in dry areas
         • Communal grazing is encouraged
         • Periodic migration
         • Overgrazing near watering points
   2. State four physical factors that favour beef farming in Kenya. (4 marks)
      • Availability of extensive flat lands with natural grass
      • Moderate temperatures for growth of pasture
      • Moderate rainfall to ensure enough pasture
      • Availability of watering sites from permanent rivers
   3.  
      1. Compare beef farming in Kenya and Argentina under the following subheadings; 
         1. Scale of beef production (2 marks)
            • In Kenya beef farming is mainly carried out in small scale while in Argentina is mainly done in large scale
            • In Kenya beef farming is less mechanized while in Argentina is highly mechanized
         2. Marketing of beef products (2 marks)
            • Kenya has low local/export market while Argentina has a high local and export market
            • In Kenya marketing is done directly to butchers or through KMC/farmers have few options to access market while in Argentina marketing is mainly through auctions/farmers have many options to access market
      2. Explain three problems facing beef farming in Argentina (6 marks)
         • Beef Cattle are vulnerable to various diseases like rinderpest, African swine fever and foot and mouth disease that lowers yields
         • The stringent sanitary conditions imposed on the export of beef by the government of Argentina/ overseas markets that farmers find difficult to meet thus reducing their sales.
         • A series of local and international economic and political crises took their toll on the Agricultural sector.
         • The sanitary problems and the international trade barriers have hindered beef exports from Argentina 
   4. Students from Maranda Boys carried out a field study on a commercial ranch for beef cattle rearing.
      1. State three ways in which they prepared for the study. (3 marks)
         • They sought permission from relevant authority
         • They did a reconnaissance
         • They prepared a working schedule
         • They divided themselves into groups
      2. State three significance of beef farming they may have found out during the study.
         • Source of raw materials for leather industries
         • Creation of employment thus improving living standard
         • Source of income to farmers improving their living standard
         • Source of foreign exchange through exports improving their foreign currency researves/trade balances    (3 marks)
8.  
   1. Apart from motor vehicle assembly, name three other non-agricultural manufacturing industries in Kenya. (3 marks)
      • Shoe making
      • Steel rolling
      • Glass making
      • Cement industries
      • Oil refineries
   2. Use the map of Kenya below to answer question 8(b)
      Name the towns marked X, Y and Z where motor vehicles are assembled. (3 marks
      • X – Thika
      • Y – Nairobi
      • Z – Mombasa
   3. Explain how each of the following influence location of industries:
      1. Transport and communication (4 marks)
         • Well-developed transport network facilitates easy/quick/safe transportation of raw materials to the industries/finished products to the market thus will have more industries/areas with poorly developed transport networks discourage setting up of industries/ less industries located there as its expensive/cumbersome to move
         • Well-developed communication networks attract more industrial investors in an area leading to more industries as it is easy to communicate with customers/suppliers
      2. Labour (4 marks)
         • Areas with of many skilled managers will lead to more industries as they will ensure maximum output with minimum costs/can lead industries to profitability and survival
         • Areas with many unskilled/corrupt labour will have less industries as they will collapse/ can lead to hiring of expatriates who are costly
         • Industries that are labour intensive are located in densely populated urban centers to reduce labour costs
   4. State three roles played by the Jua Kali sector to the economy of Kenya (3 marks)
      • Creates employment opportunities
      • Successfully uses materials that would otherwise be disposed
      • Saves the country foreign revenue as they reduce the imports
      • Earns the country foreign exchange as some of their products are exported to COMESA countries
   5. State four characteristics of cottage industries in India (4 marks)
      • It is done on a small scale/small capital is invested in it.
      • Mainly uses local raw materials
      • Uses simple tools and machinery/simple technology
      • It is labour intensive
      • Industries are mainly family owned
      • Products are for local and export markets
   6. Explain two problems of rapid industrialization to the environment. (4 marks)
      • Some industries emit poisonous gases causing air pollution/acid rain resulting to respiratory diseases/corrosion of metals
      • Some industries release effluent into rivers/lakes causing water pollution that can kill fish/aquatic life
      • Some industries dispose/dump solid wastes on land causing land degradation/ugliness/loss of aesthetic beauty
      • Construction and expansion of industries utilize arable land leading to deforestation
9.  
   1.  
      1. Define eco- tourism (2 marks)
         • Tourism with emphasis on the conservation of the environment.
      2. State three ways in which ecotourism has led to sustainable tourism industry in Kenya (3 marks)
         • Conservation of the environment/preservation of scenic beauty
         • Respect of rights /active partnership with stakeholders
         • Equitable distribution of benefits accrued from tourism
         • Respect/safeguarding of local customs/culture.
         • Harmonious development of tourism sector alongside economic sectors
   2. Explain how the following factors have influenced the growth of tourism in Kenya;
      1. Trained Personnel (2 marks)
         • Availability of Well-trained hotel staff ensures quality services are provided to tourists leading to positive reviews thus more tourists /revisiting tourists/referals making tourism sustainable.
      2. Political Stability (2 marks)
         • Long term political stability/ relatively peaceful country earns the country positive international reputation thus attracting more tourists
   3. Explain four measures taken by the Kenyan government to promote tourism in the country (8 marks)
      • Improved transport links to make attraction sites easily/more accessible.
      • Establishment of ministry of tourism which formulates and implement policies that attract more tourists
      • Government encourages local and foreign investors to invest in coastal hotels that offer excellent facilities to the tourists to encourage tourists to visit the country
      • Vigorous publicity of campaigns abroad on tourism this attracts more tourists
      • Lowering of tariffs to encourage more tourists to visit Kenya and for those come should be able to spend more days in the country
      • Improved security through police who patrol the tourist sites thus reducing cases of tourist molestation to attract more tourists.
   4. State two problems of tourism in the Kenyan coast. (2 marks)
      • School drop outs
      • Spread of diseases
      • Trafficking of drugs
      • Erosion of cultural/social values
      • Scaring of animals due to large number of tourists in the game parks.
   5.  
      1. Identify two tourist attractions in Switzerland. (2 marks)
         • Beautiful scenary/Alps/clear blue lakes
         • Unique climate/ sunny summers/cool winters ideal winter sports
         • Swiss national park
         • Excellent roads /cable cars/unique cars
         • Excellent hotels and affordable hotels
         • Hospitable people
         • Variety of foreign language used
      2. Give two similarities between tourism in Kenya and Switzerland. (4 marks)
         • Both have many hotels and lodges in major urban centres and cities within the tourists’ attractions for accommodation of tourists.
         • Both have snowcapped mountain peaks with permanent glaciers that are popular with tourists.
         • Both experience political stability and relative peace that promote tourism.
         • Both have many waterfalls (Switzerland – associated with hanging valleys, In Kenya along the major river courses) that attract tourists.
         • Package tours are encouraged and organised in both the countries to make travel and accommodation cheaper for the tourists.
         • Both have national parks with a variety of plants and animals in their natural settings. ✔ Both countries embrace domestic, international and ecotourism.
10.  
    1.  
       1. Differentiate between transport and communication. (2 marks)
          • Transport is the physical carriage and movement of people and goods from one place to another while communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another
       2. Name three means of transport used on land . (3 marks)
          • Motorbikes
          • Vehicles
          • Bicycles
          • Walking on foot,
          • Trains
    2. Explain the following factors how they influence development of transport and communication in Kenya.
       1. Technology (2 marks)
          • Use of modern technology in managing traffic lights and other transport terminals/management of vehicle bookings has led to improved transport/reduced accidents/saving of time
          • Use of poor technology/outdated technology in transport and communication have resulted in poor planning/accidents/delays/expensive
          • Use of modern technologies in communications like 3G/4G/5G networks has led to faster internet speeds/reduced costs
       2. Urbanization. (2 marks)
          • Growth of urban centers in Kenya has led to construction of bypasses to improve road transport for faster movement
          • Growth of towns has led to installation of modern communication networks cheaply thus improved communication
          • Rapid growth of towns has led to increased traffic congestion due to narrow roads causing expensive delays
    3.  
       1. State three recent developments that have taken place in kenya to improve communication (3 marks)
          • Liberalization of the press
          • Expansion of telephone facilities
          • Introduction of mobile phones and pager services
          • Liberalization of postal services
          • Lincesing of more private radio stations and television stations
       2. Explain three problems facing mobile telephone networks as a means of Communication in Kenya (6 marks)
          • Inadequate capital by service providers hindering expansion of modern networks to many areas of the country
          • Development of other more faster, efficient and cheaper means of communication eg international satellite that limit expansion of local networks
          • High cost of installation and maintainance of the boosters which limits thenumber of installations
          • Vandalisation of equipments during demonstrations has rendered most of the telephone services unavailableto users that lead to heavy losses
          • Poor reception or disruption by natural hazards like lightening discourage the use of this facility
    4.  
       1. Identify three canals along the St Lawrence and Great Lakes sea way in USA and Canada. (3 marks)
          • Soo canal
          • Welland canal
          • St Marie canal
       2. Explain roles played by St. Lawrence sea way to the economies of USA and Canada. (4 marks)
          • The dams constructed along the route provide hydroelectric power for both domestic and industrial use
          • The sea way has created employment opportunities in the transport sector raising the standards of living of the people in both countries
          • It has led to the growth of ports and towns along it,s course,these have become focal points for various economic activities
          • It provides cheap/easy navigation means of transport for imports/exports encouraging trade 
          • Due to accessibility of raw materials there has been extensive industrial development in the area.
          • The sea way is a tourist attraction earning foreign exchange/income
          • The lakes and the seaway are a source of fresh water for domestic/industrial use
          • Tariffs charged earn the countries income/revenue