- Geography refers to the study of the distribution of physical and human features of the earth and their interrelationships.
- Branches of Geography
- Physical Geography
- Human & Economics
- Practical Economics
- Physical – Internal conforming
Processes- Earthquakes
- Vulcanicity
- Folding
- Faulting
- External Land farming
Processes- Action of water - Action of wind
- Hydrology
- Hydrological cycle
- Weather and Climate
- Vegetation
Human – Population and settlement - Industry
- Transport
- Fishing
- Forestry
Practical - Map work
- Photograph work
- Statistics
- Field work
- Branches of Geography
- Importance of Geography
- It is a career subject
- It creates regional and international awareness.
- It provides knowledge needed for planning infrastructures
- It helps to appreciate of other peoples culture.
- It helps learners to appreciate and have a positive attitude towards the natural environment.
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- Geography and Mathematics
- Geography uses Mathematical knowledge formula in working out the area, estimating distances and drawing geographical graphs for easier interpretation.
- Geography and Biology
- Geography explains the distribution of living organisms based on the factors which favour their survival.
- Geography and Mathematics
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- Meaning of Solar System
- It refers to the sun, the planets and the other heavenly bodies found between them.
- Scientific theories
- Nebular cloud theory
- Passing star theory
- Meaning of Solar System
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- Types of earth movement
- Earth’s Rotation
- Earth’s Revolution
- Shape of the earth
- It is an oblate spheroid known as a geoid with flattened poles and elongated around the equator
- State the effects of the:-
- Earth’s Rotation (3mks
- It causes occurrence of day and night
- It causes periodic rise and fall of Ocean tides
- It causes variation of atmospheric pressure on the earth’s surface.
- It causes a time difference between longitudes.
- It causes deflection of winds and Ocean currents.
- Earth’s Revolution (3mks)
- It causes the four seasons
- It causes varying length of day and night at different latitudes
- It causes change in the position of overhead midday sun at different latitudes.
- It causes the lunar eclipse
- Earth’s Rotation (3mks
- Types of earth movement
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- Parts
A – Hydrosphere
B - Lower crust /Sima/Oceanic crust
C - Moho/ Mohorovicic
D - Lower mantle - Reasons why E is hot
- Retained head during formation
- Radioactivity
- Pressure exerted by the everlying layers
- Parts
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- Define weather (2mks)
- It refers to the atmospheric condition of a place at a particular time.
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- Apart from temperature and rainfall give four other weather elements (4mks)
- Rainfall
- Wind
- Cloud cover
- Humidity
- Sunshine
- Atmospheric pressure
- Identify three factors which influence temperature (3mks)
- Altitude
- Ocean currents
- winds and air
- Aspects
- Length of day
- cloud cover
- with the help of a diagrams, describe how relief rainfall is formed (8mks)
- A large water body is intensely heated by solar radiation causing warm moist air to evaporate, then forced to rise a mountain side.
- Prevailing winds pick the warm moist air.
- On reaching a mountain barrier, the warm moist air is mechanically forced up the mountain
- As the warm moist air rises, it expands and cool.
- On reaching dew point, it condenses to form clouds.
- When clouds became saturated, they fail down as relief rainfall on the wind ward side.
- Cold dry air descend on the leeward side of the mountain.
- Apart from temperature and rainfall give four other weather elements (4mks)
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- What is a weather station? (2mks
- It refers to a place where weather recording instrument are kept to observe, measure and record weather etc.
- State three factors considered when siting a weather station (4mks)
- The site should have an open space
- The land should be gently sloping
- The area should have a wide view of the surrounding and the sky
- The place should be secure
- What is a weather station? (2mks
- Define weather (2mks)
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- What is a Stevenson Screen? (2mks)
- It is a white wooden box mounted on four metallic legs and kept in a weather station and is used for safe keeping of delicate weather instruments.
- Give two weather instruments kept in a Stevenson screen
- Maximum thermometer
- Minimum thermometer
- Wet bulb thermometer
- Dry bulb thermometer
- What is a Stevenson Screen? (2mks)
- Give reasons why the Sterenson screen has the following characteristics
- Painted White (1mk)
- To reflect heat
- Louvered sides (1mk)
- To allow air circulation
- Double roofing (1mk)
- To prevent direct sun’s rays from reading the inside
- Placed 121cm above the ground level (1mk)
- To prevent the effect of terrestrial radiation
- To ensure air circulation beneath the screen inorder to give air temperature reading
- Painted White (1mk)
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