HISTORY
PAPER 2
TERM 2 OPENER EXAM
INSTRUCTIONS
- This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
- Answer all the questions in section A, three questions in section B and two questions in section C.
SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.
- State the main characteristic of the stone age era. (1 mk)
- Identify the methods of irrigation used by early Egyptian farmers. (2 mks)
- State two results of the interaction between the Shona and the Ndebele during the pre-colonial period. (2 mks)
- Identify the main features of colonial rule in Zimbabwe. (2 mks)
- State the most important unifying item of the Asante Kingdom in the left 19th century.(1 mk)
- Mention two early forms of written communication. (2 mks)
- State the two main duties of the Indigenous rulers in Northern Nigeria. (2 mks)
- State one main reason for the use of barter trade in the Trans-Saharan trade. (1 mk)
- What name was given to Kinjeketile’s whispering campaign of spreading his ideas during the Maji maji rebellion. (1 mk)
- State two factors that influenced the Neolithic revolution. (2 mks)
- Who is credited with the invention of the cotton gain? (1 mk)
- Identify two types of Monarchical government. (2 mks)
- How does Jean Jacques Rousseau define government? (1 mk)
- Give one scientific discovery in the field of medicine in the 19th century. (1 mk)
- Give one physical feature of Austrolopithecus Boisei. (1 mk)
- Identify two places where Olduwan tools were found. (2 mks)
- Give one problem experienced by using steam for energy. (1 mk)
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.
-
- Identify three advantages of space exploration. (3 mks)
- Explain six economic effects of modern road transport. (12 mks)
-
- Give five reasons for the failure of the Maji maji rebellion. (5 mks)
- Explain five reforms introduced by Germans after the Maji maji uprising. (10 mks)
-
- State three factors leading to development of Athens. (3 mks)
- Discuss the impact of Agrarian and Industrial development on urbanization. (12 mks)
-
- Give three reasons for the coming of missionaries to Africa. (3 mks)
- Discuss six obstacles missionaries encountered in spreading Christianity. (12 mks)
SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.
-
- Give five factors for the failure of assimilation policy in French West Africa. (5 mks)
- Explain the effects of British rule in Zimbabwe. (10 mks)
-
- State three factors that have led to growth of Johannesburg. (3 mks)
- Identify six problems facing industrialization in South Africa. (12 mks)
-
- State three functions of the Katikiro of Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3 mks)
- Describe the social organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial period. (12 mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.
- State the main characteristic of the stone age era. (1 mk)
- It is the period when urban man widely used stone tools.
- Identify the methods of irrigation used by early Egyptian farmers. (2 mks)
- Shadoof irrigation
- Canal irrigation
- State two results of the interaction between the Shona and the Ndebele during the pre-colonial period. (2 mks)
- The Ndebele adopted Shona God Mwari
- Shona became Ndebele’s subject
- Identify the main features of colonial rule in Zimbabwe. (2 mks)
- Racial discrimination against Africans
- Excessive oppression and suppression of the Africans by the Biritish administration.
- State the most important unifying item of the Asante Kingdom in the left 19th century.(1 mk)
- Golden stool
- Mention two early forms of written communication. (2 mks)
- Scrolls
- Skins
- Stone tablets
- Rock paintings
- State the two main duties of the Indigenous rulers in Northern Nigeria. (2 mks)
- To collect taxes from the people for the colonial government.
- To act as the agents of the colonial administration in maintenance of peace, law and order.
- State one main reason for the use of barter trade in the Trans-Saharan trade. (1 mk)
- The existence of language barrier between the trading parties.
- What name was given to Kinjeketile’s whispering campaign of spreading his ideas during the Maji maji rebellion. (1 mk)
- Njwiywia or jujila
- State two factors that influenced the Neolithic revolution. (2 mks)
- The increased human population could not be catered for by the environment.
- Climate changes such as drought.
- Inadequate wild food due to competition between man and wild animals.
- Hunting and gathering had become tiresome.
- Who is credited with the invention of the cotton gain? (1 mk)
- Eli Whitney
- Identify two types of Monarchical government. (2 mks)
- Absolute monarchy
- Constitutional monarchy
- How does Jean Jacques Rousseau define government? (1 mk)
- Government is an intermediate body set up by the subjects to ensure equity and the execution of laws while maintaining social and political liberty.
- Give one scientific discovery in the field of medicine in the 19th century. (1 mk)
- Discovery of the principle of vaccinations
- Pasteurization process.
- Prevent pain in surgical operations.
- Use of antiseptic in surgical operations.
- Give one physical feature of Austrolopithecus Boisei. (1 mk)
- Brain capacity of 500 – 800cc
- Was about 5ft tall.
- His teeth and jaw resembled modern man.
- Identify two places where Olduwan tools were found. (2 mks)
- Olduvai Gorge - Morocco
- Koosi For a - Tunisia
- Omo River valley - Algeria
- Give one problem experienced by using steam for energy. (1 mk)
- Not easily controllable
- Environmental unfriendly
- It is expensive
- Not reliable as it depends on availability of coal.
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.
-
- Identify three advantages of space exploration. (3 mks)
- It enhances human understanding of the universe
- It has led to development of advanced air defence system.
- It has enhanced effective mapping and surveillance.
- It has encouraged space tourism.
- It has facilitated scientific and technical development.
- Explain six economic effects of modern road transport. (12 mks)
- Roads have promoted trade within and between countries.
- Development of urban centres has occurred along the roads.
- Roads earn the foreign exchange.
- Creation of employment opportunities in motor vehicle industry, construction and road maintenance.
- It has facilitated transport of raw materials to factories and finished products to markets.
- It has promoted tourism as tourists can stop and view the wildlife in game reserves and parks.
- Movement of people from one part of the world to another has become faster and easier
- Identify three advantages of space exploration. (3 mks)
-
- Give five reasons for the failure of the Maji maji rebellion. (5 mks)
- The Germans had superior weapons and were more skilled in war.
- Failure of the magic water expected to immunize people against bullets.
- Lack of unity among fighting groups e.g Matumbi revolted before others were ready.
- The capture and execution of African leaders e.g. Kinjeketile and Mpanda
- Germans recovered reinforcement from Somalia and Sudan.
- Famine in 1907 which made people abandon the war.
- Explain five reforms introduced by Germans after the Maji maji uprising. (10 mks)
- Corporal punishment was abolished.
- Germans begin to rule through some recognized traditional chief
- They stopped forced labour.
- Communal cotton growing was stopped.
- Africans were involved in administration as akidas and jumbe
- Newspapers that incited settlers against Africans were censured.
- Kiswahili became an official language.
- Give five reasons for the failure of the Maji maji rebellion. (5 mks)
-
- State three factors leading to development of Athens. (3 mks)
- Commerce and trade since it had poor soil led to its development.
- Town was secured from external attacks i.e. surrounded by rivers and mountains.
- Had a strong army to offer protection.
- It was a cultural centre, people came here for theatre.
- Developed because it was a centre for education.
- Developed as a centre for worship.
- Discuss the impact of Agrarian and Industrial development on urbanization. (12 mks)
- Agrarian revolution led to many peasants immigrating to the USA due to landlessness this expanded urban centres.
- Agrarian revolution led to increase in food, thus increased population and populated settlements became urban centres.
- Domestication of plants and animals led to settled life and there settlements developed into urban areas.
- Production of surplus food led to trade – trading centres became towns.
- Development of mines during the industrial revolution led to development of urban centres around mines.
- Ports used to export and import items developed into urban centres.
- State three factors leading to development of Athens. (3 mks)
-
- Give three reasons for the coming of missionaries to Africa. (3 mks)
- To explore Africa
- As traders
- To spread Christianity
- Discuss six obstacles missionaries encountered in spreading Christianity. (12 mks)
- Hostile African communities who would not accommodate them tropical diseases such as malaria killed them discouraging others from coming to Africa.
- The existence of language barrier between them and Africans.
- Islamic influence especially at the Coast of East Africa.
- Lack of existing transport and communication network.
- Desertion by their partners and other workers.
- Give three reasons for the coming of missionaries to Africa. (3 mks)
SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.
-
- Give five factors for the failure of assimilation policy in French West Africa. (5 mks)
- A section of French population objected the idea of assimilation because they regarded Africans as a source of cheap labour.
- French public saw Africans as posing unnecessary competition with the whites in labour market.
- It proved expensive to French government (public was unwilling to pay tax to meet colonial infrastructure.
- Language diversity.
- French legal system based on diverse customary laws.
- African chiefs were forced to follow French legal system.
- Little or no regard for African traditional laws.
- Administrators were arrogant and corrupt.
- African elites launched campaigns seeking recognition.
- Explain the effects of British rule in Zimbabwe. (10 mks)
- Alternation of land
- African indigenous rulers lost their power
- Africans were subjected to intense economic exploitation
- African were subjected to intense economic exploitation
- Availability of cheap labour for white settlers’ farms
- Erosion of African culture
- Rise of African nationalism
- Transport, trade and industry development in white lands.
- Give five factors for the failure of assimilation policy in French West Africa. (5 mks)
-
- State three factors that have led to growth of Johannesburg. (3 mks)
- Johannesburg is situated on a plain making building easier.
- Availability of energy sources e.g. coal
- The vocal river has provided water for domestic and industrial use.
- Existence of minerals e.g gold has enhanced her growth.
- Identify six problems facing industrialization in South Africa. (12 mks)
- Economic sanctions by the UN during the apartheid regime prevented industrialization.
- The struggle to end apartheid regime was violent creating an atmosphere not conducive for investment.
- Competition from more developed counties.
- Rampant industrial strikes slow down the process of industrialization.
- High poverty levels hence low purchasing power.
- High level of insecurity which discouraged potential inventors.
- HIV and AIDS has ravaged the country’s labour force.
- State three factors that have led to growth of Johannesburg. (3 mks)
-
- State three functions of the Katikiro of Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3 mks)
- He organized tax collection
- Organised public works
- Planned wars in Kabaka’s name
- Had to protect the Kabaka during war.
- It was his duty to inform the kabaka of the decisions he made on court issues.
- Describe the social organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial period. (12 mks)
- Believed in one God called Mwari
- The Mwari Mutapa was regarded a divine King and therefore he was venerated.
- The Rowezi clan provided priests who conducted the worship of Mwari by offering sacrifice to him.
- Believed in ancestral spirits.
- The family was the basic unit of the Shona society headed by the father.
- They were polygamous
- Were organized into clans consisting of related families
- Marriage between members of the same clan was forbidden
- They had pertained system of kingship
- Had a system of age-sets and age-group
- They lived in stone buildings.
- Villages were protected from attacks by a thorn fence called homa.
- State three functions of the Katikiro of Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3 mks)
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