Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Mid Term 2 Exams 2021

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This paper has THREE sections: A, B and C
• Answer ALL the questions in section A and B and any Two questions in section C
• All answers MUST be written.

SECTION A: (30 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. Differentiates between apiculture and aquaculture.  (1mk)
2. State three ways of preventing predation in a fish pond. (1½mk)
3. Name one livestock disease that is transmitted by each of the following parasites
   
   1. Brown ear tick (½mk)
   2. Tse-tsefly (½mk)
4. Define the following terms as used in livestock production;
   1. Vaccination (½mk)
   2. Tupping  (½ mk)
5. State the intermediate host for liverflukefasciola (spp)  (½mk)
6. State two roles of drones in a bee colony.  (1mk)
7. State four breeds of rabbit. (2mks)
8. State four importance of keeping animals healthy (2mks)
9. State four major routes of administering vaccines to livestock  (2mks)
10. State four factors considered by farmers when sitting a beehive in the farm (2mks)
11. Give two examples of arachnids parasites (2mks)
12. State four characteristics of Aberdeen Angus class of cattle. (2mks)
13. State four importances of farm buildings. (2mks)
14. State two causes of bloat in ruminants. (1mk)
15. Name four exotic breeds of cattle. (2mks)
16. State four characteristics of roughage feedstuff. (2mks)
17. List four causes of livestock diseases. (2mks)
18. State two ways of improving tool efficiency in work (1mk)
19. Name the tools used to for
    1. Carrying out open method of castration of livestock. (1mk)
    2. Cutting thick sheets of metal.  (1mk)

SECTION B: (20 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.

20. The diagram below shows a routine operation on sheep. Study it carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow below.
    
    1. Identify the operation.  (1mk)
    2. Give two reasons for the operation.  (2 mks)
    3. Name tools used to carry out the operation. (2mks)
21. The diagram below shows poultry digestive system. Use it to answer the questions that follows.
             
    
    1. State the function of part labeled B. (1mk)
    2. Why is part C known as the true stomach? (1mk)
    3. State two advantages of part labelled to its functions. (2mks)
    4. What management practice is carried out on part A? (1mk)
22. The diagram below is of an illustration of a farm structure. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
    
    1. State the type of the fence.  (1mk)
    2. Name the parts labeled: A,B,C and D (2 mks)
    3. State two reasons why the above fence is not recommended for sheep production (2mks)
23. Below are illustrations of farm tools. Study them and answer the question that follows:
    
    1. Identify P and M. 1(mk)
    2. State one advantage of Pover Q.  (1mk)
    3. State the function of tool labeled N and M. (2mks)
    4. Give two maintenance practices that can be carried out on tool P. (1mk)

SECTION C: (20 MARKS)
Answer only two questions in this section.

24.  
    1. State ten advantages of artificial insemination in dairy production  (10mks)
    2. Give five signs of lambing in sheep (5mks)
    3. Give five signs of infestation by internal parasites in sheep (5mks) 
25.  
    1. Briefly discuss the management of a pig from birth up to weaning. (10mks)
    2. List four examples of two host tick.  (2mks)
    3. Briefly discuss the life cycle of two host tick.  (8mks)
26.  
    1. Describe the procedure for collecting semen from a proven sire  (5mks)
    2. Give seven management practices carried out in a crush  (7mks)
    3. Explain the various methods of controlling diseases on the farm  (8mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Apiculture is keeping of bees in a beehive while aquaculture is rearing of fish in fish ponds.
   (1 x 1 = 1 mk) Mark as a whole
2.  
   • Fencing around the fish pond using strong wire mess.
   • Providing a screen above the pond to guard against birds. ( ½ x 3 =1 ½mk)
3.  
   1. Brown ear tick - E.C.F (½ mk)
   2. Tsetse fly - Trypanosomiasis. (½ mk)
4.  
   1. It’s a preventive treatment that gives the animal immunity against certain disease. (½ mk)
   2. Application of chute at the belly of a ram to check for fertility of the animals. (½ mk)
5. Water / Mud snail. (½ mk)
6.  
   • To fertilize the queen.
   • Control temperature of the hive / cool the hive.
     (½ x 2 = 1mk)
7.  
   • Carifornia white.
   • Earlops
   • Flemish giant.
   • Chinchilla
   • New Zealand white.
     (½ x 4= 2mks)
8.  
   • Grow fast and well enough to reach maturity quickly
   • To have a longer economic and productive life
   • Give maximum production / performance since they maintain high productivity
   • To produce good quality products thus fetching high market value
   • Not to spread diseases to either other animals or human being
   • Are economical and easy to keep.
     (½ x 4 = 2mks)
9.  
   • Orally through the mouth.
   • Through the cloaca.
   • Inhaling through the nose.
   • Internal injection.
     (½ x 4 = 2 mks)
10.  
    • Water availability.
    • Flowers availability
    • Sheltered place.
    • Away from human beings and livestock.
    • Away from disturbance e.g. loud noise.
      (½ x 4 = 2 mks)
11.  
    • Mites
    • Spiders
    • Ticks
      (1 x 2 = 2 mks)
12.  
    • Lack humps.
    • Have low tolerance to high temperatures.
    • Highly susceptible to tropical diseases.
    • Have fast growth rates lending to early maturity.
    • Good producers of both meat and milk.
    • Have short calving interval.
      (½ x 4 = 2 mks)
13.  
    • They protect the farmer and livestock from predators.
    • They help to control livestock diseases and parasites.
    • Provide shelter against extreme weather conditions.
    • Provide storage of farm produce and other variable inputs.
    • Increase efficiency of production and management in the farms.
      (½ x 4 = 2 mks)
14.  
    • Obstruction of oesophagus due to bulky food particles.
    • Abnormal pressure exerted on the oesophagus by a swelling in the wall of the chest.
    • Indigestion due to paralysis of the rumen and value at entrance.
      (1x2= 2mks)
15. • Guernsey
    • Jersey
    • Arshire
    • Friesian
      (½ x 4 = 2 mks)
16.  
    • High carbohydrates content.
    • Low protein content.
    • High fibre content.
    • They are bulky.
    • From plant origin.
      (½ x 4 = 2 mks)
17.  
    • Physical causes.
    • Nutritional causes.
    • Chemical causes.
    • Pathogens causes.
      (½ x 4 = 2 mks)
18.  
    • Sharpening tools after use
    • Cleaning tools after use
      (1 x 2 = 2 mks)
19.  
    1. Scalpel. (1x1= 1mk)
    2. Cold chisel (1x1= 1mk) 
20.  
    1. Hoof-trimming (1x1= 1mk)
    2.  
       • Facilitate easy movement
       • Control foot rot
       • Easy mating
       • (1x2= 2mks)
    3.  
       • Hoof clipper/cutter
       • Trimming knife
       • Hoof rasp
         (1x2= 2mks)
21.  
    1.  
       • Temporary storage of food.
       • Moistening of food .
         (1 x 1 = 1mk)
    2. Produces gastric juices which contain enzymes and Hydrochloric Acid.
       (1 x 1 = 1mk)
    3.  
       • Has tough muscles which slide sideways to grind food into paste.
       • Has girt / sand which help in grinding of food.
         (2 x 1 = 2mks)
    4. Debeaking. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
22.  
    1. Barbed wire fence. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
    2. A - Intermediate posts (Standards)
       B - Dropper
       C- Strainer / struts.
       D - Diagonal wire brace
       (1 x 2 = 2mks) 
23.  
    1. P - Adjustable spanner.
       M - Pipe wrench
       (½ x 2= 1mk)
    2. Can be adjusted to fit any nut or bolt. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
    3. M - for holding, tightening and loosening metallic pipes.
       N - Used for cutting P.V.C pipes.
       (1 x 2 = 2mks)
    4.  
       • Store properly after use.
       • Oil moving part.
         (1/2 x 2 = 1 mk)
24.  
    1.  
       • One bull may serve many cows thereby increasing usefulness of a bull.
       • Prevents spread of breeding diseases rej. Diseases only.
       • Possible to make use of a bull that cannot serve naturally due to injuries or too heavy.
       • Reduces expenses to a farmer because does not have to own a bull.
       • Easy to control inbreeding.
       • Semen can be stored for a long time even after death of the bull.
       • Easy to control breeding.
       • Eliminates dangerous bulls from the farm.
       • Useful research tool in studying large number of daughters from a single sire.
       • Prevent large bull from injuring small cows
       • Reduce expenses of keeping a bull on pasture veterinary bills.
         (1x10= 10mks)
    2.  
       • Restlessness
       • Enlarged or swollen vulva
       • Clear mucus discharge from the vulva
       • Slackening of the pelvic muscles or the relaxing of hip muscles
       • Full and distended udder
       • Thick milky fluid comes out of teats
       • Water bag appears and bursts, just before lambing
         (5 x 1 = 5mks)
    3.  
       • They cause anaemia
       • Deprive the host of food
       • Cause injury / damage to body tissues
       • Cause irritation as they migrate from one organ to another
       • Cause obstruction of internal organs
       • Emaciation
       • Pot bellies
       • Staring coat
         (1 x 5 = 5mks)
25.  
    1.  
       • Ensure they are fed with creep feed.
       • Spray with appropriate insecticide to control external parasites.
       • Deworm with appropriate antiheimenthies to control internal parasites. ∙ Provide plenty clean water.
       • Cut the tail.
       • Vaccinate against apparent diseases.
       • Isolate and treat the sick.
       • Keep proper records.
       • Carry out teeth clipping.
       • Control anaemia by iron injection.
       • Ensure they suck colostrums immediately after birth.
       • Remove and dispose after birth / still births.
       • Place the piglets under warm conditions.
       • Provide furrowing crate.
       • Weigh each piglet and record the birth weight.
       • Ensure they are breathing properly.
       • Tie, cut and disinfect the navel cords of the piglets.
         (1x10 = 10mks)
    2.  
       • Brown tick.
       • Red legged tick.
       • Large bont legged tick.
       • African bont legged tick.
         (1x2 = 2mks)
    3.  
       • Eggs hatch on the ground into larvae;
       • Larval climbs onto the first host; sucks blood;
       • Get engorged; and moult into nymphs;
       • Nymphs on the same host sucks blood; get engorged; and fall on the ground.
       • On the ground nymphs moults into adults;
       • Adults climbs the second host; the adult sucks blood;
       • Get engorged; mates;
       • The adult female drops to the ground to lay eggs.
         (1x8 = 8mks) 
26.  
    1.  
       • A cow is restrained in a crush
       • A bull is brought to the teaser cow
       • The bull mounts the cow and directs the penis to the vulva
       • The farmer grabs the penis immediately and directs it into the artificial vagina
       • The bull ejaculates into the artificial vagina and semen is collected
         (5x1 = 5mks) 
    2.  
       • Spraying livestock against external parasites
       • Identifying animals
       • Vaccination of animals
       • Administration of prophylactic drugs to livestock
       • Treating sick animals
       • Dehorning
       • Pregnancy test
       • Artificial insemination
       • Taking body temperatures
       • Hoof trimming
       • Milking
       • Collection of semen
         (7x1 = 7mks)
    3.  
       • Proper feeding and nutrition
       • It avoids deficiency diseases and makes animal strong and able to resist disease
       • A balanced diet prevents nutritional or metabolic disorders and ensures vigour and greater resistance to disease
       • Proper breeding and selection
       • Healthy animals should be selected for breeding
       • Animals that are susceptible to diseases should be culled
       • Appropriate breeding policies and programmes should be employed to avoid transmission of congenital diseases
       • Proper housing and hygiene
       • Houses should be constructed such that they meet the necessary requirements for particular animals - Livestock houses should be regularly cleaned and disinfected
       • Isolation of sick animals
       • Sick animals should be separated and confined in their own structures for treatment to avoid the spread of diseases
       • Imposition of quarantine
       • In the event of an outbreak of a notifiable disease, movement of animals and their products from and into the area with the outbreak should be restricted
       • Taking prophylactic measures
       • Use of prophylactic drugs
       • Carrying out vaccination
       • Control of vectors
       • Treatment of sick animals
       • Slaughtering of affected animals
       • Animals attacked by highly infectious and contagious should be killed and disposed off by burning or burying 6 feet under
       • Use of antiseptics and disinfectants kill disease causing organisms thereby preventing disease attack
         (8x1 = 8mks)