INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
- This paper has THREE sections: A, B and C
- Answer ALL the questions in section A and B and any Two questions in section C
- All answers MUST be written.
SECTION A: (30 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- Differentiates between apiculture and aquaculture. (1mk)
- State three ways of preventing predation in a fish pond. (1½mk)
- Name one livestock disease that is transmitted by each of the following parasites
- Brown ear tick (½mk)
- Tse-tsefly (½mk)
- Define the following terms as used in livestock production;
- Vaccination (½mk)
- Tupping (½ mk)
- State the intermediate host for liverflukefasciola (spp) (½mk)
- State two roles of drones in a bee colony. (1mk)
- State four breeds of rabbit. (2mks)
- State four importance of keeping animals healthy (2mks)
- State four major routes of administering vaccines to livestock (2mks)
- State four factors considered by farmers when sitting a beehive in the farm (2mks)
- Give two examples of arachnids parasites (2mks)
- State four characteristics of Aberdeen Angus class of cattle. (2mks)
- State four importances of farm buildings. (2mks)
- State two causes of bloat in ruminants. (1mk)
- Name four exotic breeds of cattle. (2mks)
- State four characteristics of roughage feedstuff. (2mks)
- List four causes of livestock diseases. (2mks)
- State two ways of improving tool efficiency in work (1mk)
- Name the tools used to for
- Carrying out open method of castration of livestock. (1mk)
- Cutting thick sheets of metal. (1mk)
SECTION B: (20 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- The diagram below shows a routine operation on sheep. Study it carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow below.
- Identify the operation. (1mk)
- Give two reasons for the operation. (2 mks)
- Name tools used to carry out the operation. (2mks)
- The diagram below shows poultry digestive system. Use it to answer the questions that follows.
- State the function of part labeled B. (1mk)
- Why is part C known as the true stomach? (1mk)
- State two advantages of part labelled to its functions. (2mks)
- What management practice is carried out on part A? (1mk)
- The diagram below is of an illustration of a farm structure. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
- State the type of the fence. (1mk)
- Name the parts labeled: A,B,C and D (2 mks)
- State two reasons why the above fence is not recommended for sheep production (2mks)
- Below are illustrations of farm tools. Study them and answer the question that follows:
- Identify P and M. 1(mk)
- State one advantage of Pover Q. (1mk)
- State the function of tool labeled N and M. (2mks)
- Give two maintenance practices that can be carried out on tool P. (1mk)
SECTION C: (20 MARKS)
Answer only two questions in this section.
-
- State ten advantages of artificial insemination in dairy production (10mks)
- Give five signs of lambing in sheep (5mks)
- Give five signs of infestation by internal parasites in sheep (5mks)
-
- Briefly discuss the management of a pig from birth up to weaning. (10mks)
- List four examples of two host tick. (2mks)
- Briefly discuss the life cycle of two host tick. (8mks)
-
- Describe the procedure for collecting semen from a proven sire (5mks)
- Give seven management practices carried out in a crush (7mks)
- Explain the various methods of controlling diseases on the farm (8mks)
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MARKING SCHEME
- Apiculture is keeping of bees in a beehive while aquaculture is rearing of fish in fish ponds.
(1 x 1 = 1 mk) Mark as a whole -
- Fencing around the fish pond using strong wire mess.
- Providing a screen above the pond to guard against birds. ( ½ x 3 =1 ½mk)
-
- Brown ear tick - E.C.F (½ mk)
- Tsetse fly - Trypanosomiasis. (½ mk)
-
- It’s a preventive treatment that gives the animal immunity against certain disease. (½ mk)
- Application of chute at the belly of a ram to check for fertility of the animals. (½ mk)
- Water / Mud snail. (½ mk)
-
- To fertilize the queen.
- Control temperature of the hive / cool the hive.
(½ x 2 = 1mk)
-
- Carifornia white.
- Earlops
- Flemish giant.
- Chinchilla
- New Zealand white.
(½ x 4= 2mks)
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- Grow fast and well enough to reach maturity quickly
- To have a longer economic and productive life
- Give maximum production / performance since they maintain high productivity
- To produce good quality products thus fetching high market value
- Not to spread diseases to either other animals or human being
- Are economical and easy to keep.
(½ x 4 = 2mks)
-
- Orally through the mouth.
- Through the cloaca.
- Inhaling through the nose.
- Internal injection.
(½ x 4 = 2 mks)
-
- Water availability.
- Flowers availability
- Sheltered place.
- Away from human beings and livestock.
- Away from disturbance e.g. loud noise.
(½ x 4 = 2 mks)
-
- Mites
- Spiders
- Ticks
(1 x 2 = 2 mks)
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- Lack humps.
- Have low tolerance to high temperatures.
- Highly susceptible to tropical diseases.
- Have fast growth rates lending to early maturity.
- Good producers of both meat and milk.
- Have short calving interval.
(½ x 4 = 2 mks)
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- They protect the farmer and livestock from predators.
- They help to control livestock diseases and parasites.
- Provide shelter against extreme weather conditions.
- Provide storage of farm produce and other variable inputs.
- Increase efficiency of production and management in the farms.
(½ x 4 = 2 mks)
-
- Obstruction of oesophagus due to bulky food particles.
- Abnormal pressure exerted on the oesophagus by a swelling in the wall of the chest.
- Indigestion due to paralysis of the rumen and value at entrance.
(1x2= 2mks)
-
- Guernsey
- Jersey
- Arshire
- Friesian
(½ x 4 = 2 mks)
-
- High carbohydrates content.
- Low protein content.
- High fibre content.
- They are bulky.
- From plant origin.
(½ x 4 = 2 mks)
-
- Physical causes.
- Nutritional causes.
- Chemical causes.
- Pathogens causes.
(½ x 4 = 2 mks)
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- Sharpening tools after use
- Cleaning tools after use
(1 x 2 = 2 mks)
-
- Scalpel. (1x1= 1mk)
- Cold chisel (1x1= 1mk)
-
- Hoof-trimming (1x1= 1mk)
-
- Facilitate easy movement
- Control foot rot
- Easy mating
- (1x2= 2mks)
-
- Hoof clipper/cutter
- Trimming knife
- Hoof rasp
(1x2= 2mks)
-
-
- Temporary storage of food.
- Moistening of food .
(1 x 1 = 1mk)
- Produces gastric juices which contain enzymes and Hydrochloric Acid.
(1 x 1 = 1mk) -
- Has tough muscles which slide sideways to grind food into paste.
- Has girt / sand which help in grinding of food.
(2 x 1 = 2mks)
- Debeaking. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
-
-
- Barbed wire fence. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- A - Intermediate posts (Standards)
B - Dropper
C- Strainer / struts.
D - Diagonal wire brace
(1 x 2 = 2mks)
-
- P - Adjustable spanner.
M - Pipe wrench
(½ x 2= 1mk) - Can be adjusted to fit any nut or bolt. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
- M - for holding, tightening and loosening metallic pipes.
N - Used for cutting P.V.C pipes.
(1 x 2 = 2mks) -
- Store properly after use.
- Oil moving part.
(1/2 x 2 = 1 mk)
- P - Adjustable spanner.
-
-
- One bull may serve many cows thereby increasing usefulness of a bull.
- Prevents spread of breeding diseases rej. Diseases only.
- Possible to make use of a bull that cannot serve naturally due to injuries or too heavy.
- Reduces expenses to a farmer because does not have to own a bull.
- Easy to control inbreeding.
- Semen can be stored for a long time even after death of the bull.
- Easy to control breeding.
- Eliminates dangerous bulls from the farm.
- Useful research tool in studying large number of daughters from a single sire.
- Prevent large bull from injuring small cows
- Reduce expenses of keeping a bull on pasture veterinary bills.
(1x10= 10mks)
-
- Restlessness
- Enlarged or swollen vulva
- Clear mucus discharge from the vulva
- Slackening of the pelvic muscles or the relaxing of hip muscles
- Full and distended udder
- Thick milky fluid comes out of teats
- Water bag appears and bursts, just before lambing
(5 x 1 = 5mks)
-
- They cause anaemia
- Deprive the host of food
- Cause injury / damage to body tissues
- Cause irritation as they migrate from one organ to another
- Cause obstruction of internal organs
- Emaciation
- Pot bellies
- Staring coat
(1 x 5 = 5mks)
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-
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- Ensure they are fed with creep feed.
- Spray with appropriate insecticide to control external parasites.
- Deworm with appropriate antiheimenthies to control internal parasites. ∙ Provide plenty clean water.
- Cut the tail.
- Vaccinate against apparent diseases.
- Isolate and treat the sick.
- Keep proper records.
- Carry out teeth clipping.
- Control anaemia by iron injection.
- Ensure they suck colostrums immediately after birth.
- Remove and dispose after birth / still births.
- Place the piglets under warm conditions.
- Provide furrowing crate.
- Weigh each piglet and record the birth weight.
- Ensure they are breathing properly.
- Tie, cut and disinfect the navel cords of the piglets.
(1x10 = 10mks)
-
- Brown tick.
- Red legged tick.
- Large bont legged tick.
- African bont legged tick.
(1x2 = 2mks)
-
- Eggs hatch on the ground into larvae;
- Larval climbs onto the first host; sucks blood;
- Get engorged; and moult into nymphs;
- Nymphs on the same host sucks blood; get engorged; and fall on the ground.
- On the ground nymphs moults into adults;
- Adults climbs the second host; the adult sucks blood;
- Get engorged; mates;
- The adult female drops to the ground to lay eggs.
(1x8 = 8mks)
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-
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- A cow is restrained in a crush
- A bull is brought to the teaser cow
- The bull mounts the cow and directs the penis to the vulva
- The farmer grabs the penis immediately and directs it into the artificial vagina
- The bull ejaculates into the artificial vagina and semen is collected
(5x1 = 5mks)
-
- Spraying livestock against external parasites
- Identifying animals
- Vaccination of animals
- Administration of prophylactic drugs to livestock
- Treating sick animals
- Dehorning
- Pregnancy test
- Artificial insemination
- Taking body temperatures
- Hoof trimming
- Milking
- Collection of semen
(7x1 = 7mks)
-
- Proper feeding and nutrition
- It avoids deficiency diseases and makes animal strong and able to resist disease
- A balanced diet prevents nutritional or metabolic disorders and ensures vigour and greater resistance to disease
- Proper breeding and selection
- Healthy animals should be selected for breeding
- Animals that are susceptible to diseases should be culled
- Appropriate breeding policies and programmes should be employed to avoid transmission of congenital diseases
- Proper housing and hygiene
- Houses should be constructed such that they meet the necessary requirements for particular animals - Livestock houses should be regularly cleaned and disinfected
- Isolation of sick animals
- Sick animals should be separated and confined in their own structures for treatment to avoid the spread of diseases
- Imposition of quarantine
- In the event of an outbreak of a notifiable disease, movement of animals and their products from and into the area with the outbreak should be restricted
- Taking prophylactic measures
- Use of prophylactic drugs
- Carrying out vaccination
- Control of vectors
- Treatment of sick animals
- Slaughtering of affected animals
- Animals attacked by highly infectious and contagious should be killed and disposed off by burning or burying 6 feet under
- Use of antiseptics and disinfectants kill disease causing organisms thereby preventing disease attack
(8x1 = 8mks)
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