Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 3 Opener Exams 2023

1.  
   1. Differentiate between physical environment and Human environment. (2mks)
   2. State three areas of study of human geography. (3mks)
2.  
   1. Differentiate between forest and forestry. (2mks)
   2. State three characteristics of tropical hardwood forests. (3mks)
3.  
   1. What is Aerial photograph? (2mks)
   2. State two major types of Aerial photographs. (2mks)
   3. Differentiate between afforestation and reaforestation. (2mks)
4. Use the map of East Africa below to answer questions ‘a’
          
   1. Name the mineral found in the area marked P,Q, and R. (3mks)
   2. Name the minerals found in the following areas in East Africa. (2mks)
      1. Kariandusi
      2. Tororo
5. State four effects of mining on the environment. (4mks)

SECTION B

6. Use the statistical data below and answer question that follows.
   

   Month	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
   Rainfall	270	220	300	400	500	200	180	200	300	400	180	100
   Temperature	26	25	24	23	20	22	24	25	25	23	25	26

   
   
   1.  
      1. Calculate the total annual rainfall for the year. (2mks)
      2. What is the annual range of temperature for the year. (2mks)
   2. Using the scale 1cm represent 100m for rainfall and 1 cm represent 5oc for temperature . Draw a combined bar and line graph to represent the above statistics. (8mks)
      
   3.  
      1. State three advantage of combined line and bar graph. (3mks)
      2. Give three disadvantages of combined line and bar graph. (3mks)
   4.  From the table above. Calculate the:
      1. Mean (2mks)
      2. Mode (2mks)
      3. Medium of temperature (2mks)
   5. Identify the wettest month from the graph drawn. (1mk)
7.  
   1.  
      1. Name two places in South Africa where diamond are mined. (2mks)
      2. Describe how diamonds occur in South Africa. (3mks)
   2.  
      1. State three methods used in mining diamonds in South Africa. (3mks)
      2. State four uses of Diamonds. (4mks)
   3. Explain four ways in which South Africa benefits from the mining of gold. (8mks)
   4. Your school geography student tend to carry out field work in gold mining site.
   5.  
      1. Identify four reasons why you need to visit the place before the actual day of study. (4mks)
      2. State any follow up activities after the study. (1mk)
8.  
   1.  
      1. What is agro forestry? (2mks)
      2. State five reasons why Afro forestry is being encouraged. (5mks)
   2. Give two examples of softwood trees found in Kenya. (2mks)
   3. State four characteristics of softwood forests in Canada. (4mks)
   4. Explain four problems that affect forestry in Canada. (8mks)
   5. You have planned to carry out a study of a forest in your area. Identify problems likely to be encountered during the study. (4mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A.

1.  
   1. Differentiate between physical environment and Human environment. (2mks)
      • Physical environment is made up of the features that are not created by human being although their presence may have been influenced by human activities, while Human environment comprises of activities of people on the earth’s surface.
   2. State three areas of study of human geography. (3mks)
      • Forestry
      • Wildlife, tourism and fishing
      • Mining energy and industry
      • Population and urbanization
      • Trade, transport and communication
      • Agriculture
      • Management and conservation of environment.
      • Settlement
2.  
   1. Differentiate between forest and forestry. (2mks)
      • Forest is continuous and extensive land covered with closed stand of tall trees usually of commercial value while forestry is the science of developing or cultivating forests.
   2. State three characteristics of tropical hardwood forests. (3mks)
      • Forest are ever green
      • Trees are tall with straight smooth trunks.
      • The trunk are large in size and bulky
      • They take very longtime to mature – usually 65 – 75 years or 100 years.
3.  
   1. What is Aerial photograph? (2mks)
      • These are photographs taken from the air, using aircrafts, ballons, parachuters and setalites.
   2. State two major types of Aerial photographs. (2mks)
      • Vertical aerial photographs
      • Oblique aerial photographs
   3. Differentiate between afforestation and re afforestation. (2mks)
      • Afforestation is the planting of trees where previously there were no trees while reforestation refers to the planting of trees where they had been cut down.
4. Use the map of East Africa below to answer questions ‘a’
   1. Name the mineral found in the area marked P,Q, and R. (3mks)
      • P – Copper
      • R – Trona
      • Q – Gold
   2. Name the minerals found in the following areas in East Africa. (2mks)
      1. Kariandusi – Diatomite
      2. Tororo – Limestone or Phosphate
5. State four effects of mining on the environment. (4mks)
   • Mining causes dereliction of land.
   • Causes pollution of air, water and land
   • Causes disruption or lowering of water table.
   • Causes instability of basement rock
   • Causes destruction of bio diversity
   • Causes soil erosion
   • Causes wastage of agricultural land.

SECTION B

6. Use the statistical data below and answer question that follows.
   

   Month	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
   Rainfall	270	220	300	400	500	200	180	200	300	400	180	100
   Temperature	26	25	24	23	20	22	24	25	25	23	25	26

   
   
   1.  
      1. Calculate the total annual rainfall for the year. (2mks)
         270 +220+300+400+500+200+180+200+300+400+180+100 = 3250mm
      2. What is the annual range of temperature for the year. (2mks)
         26 – 20 = 6°C
   2. Using the scale 1cm represent 100m for rainfall and 1 cm represent 5oc for temperature . Draw a combined bar and line graph to represent the above statistics. (8mks)
      
      
      
   3.  
      1. State threee advantage of combined line and bar graph. (3mks)
         • It is easy to construct and draw.
         • It shows the relationship between two types of data.
         • It is easy to read or interpret
      2. Give three disadvantages of combined line and bar graph. (3mks)
         • It does not show relationships between the same types of data.
         • It is difficult to choose a suitable scale.
         • The cause of variation in the variable can not be established from the graph.
   4. From the table above. Calculate the:
      1. Mean (2mks)
         = 26+25+24+23+20+22+24+25+25+23+25+26
         = 288
              12
         = 24°C
      2. Mode (2mks)
         25 it occurs 4 times
      3. Medium of temperature (2mks)
         20,22,23,23,24,24,25,25,25,25,26,26
         = 25+25
                7
         = 49
              2
         = 24.5°C
   5. Identify the wettest month from the graph drawn. (1mk)
      The month of May = 500mm
7.  
   1. 1. Name two places in South Africa where diamond are mined. (2mks)
         • Kimberley
         • Pretoria
         • Jager foutein
         • Koffie foutein
      2. Describe how diamonds occur in South Africa. (3mks)
         • Diamond occur as scattered crystals in igneous rocks.
         • Diamond occur in form of pipes, dykes and volcanic plug deep underground,
         • A few are washed into river and occur as alluvial deposits.
   2.  
      1. State three methods used in mining diamonds in South Africa. (3mks)
         • Deep – shaft mining
         • Open – cast mining
         • Alluvial or placer mining
      2. State four uses of Diamonds. (4mks)
         • For jewellery
         • As cutting instruments
         • As drilling bits
         • For grinding metals
   3. Explain four ways in which South Africa benefits from the mining of gold. (8mks)
      • Gold is use as unit of exchange for paying international debts.
      • Gold earn the country foreign exchange which help to develop other sector of the economy.
      • Gold mining industry is a major source of employment which improve the standard of living of the people.
      • The existence of numerous gold fields has led to the developments of towns in the rand and Orange Free State e.g. Krugersdorp, Klesksdorp, Johannesburg and Welkom.
      • The Gold mining has led to the development of related industries in Transvaal and Orange Free State e.g. chemical industry.
      • The coexistence of gold and urbanism has made South Africa a leading producer of uranium which is used to produce atomic energy.
   4. Your school geography student tends to carry out field work in gold mining site.
      1. Identify four reasons why you need to visit the place before the actual day of study. (4mks)
         • To get well acquired with the Authority making it easily to collect data.
         • The researcher gets familiar with the environment and the route.
         • For easy selection of methods of collecting and recording of data.
         • To identify the possible problems that are likely to be encountered.
         • To estimate the cost of study accurately.
      2. State any follow up activities after the study. (1mk)
         • Compiling are part on the study.
         • Discuss the findings of the study in groups.
         • Drawing of graphs to present data.
8.  
   1.  
      1. What is agro forestry? (2mks)
         • Is a land use system involving intercropping of trees and crops in the same piece of land
      2. State five reasons why Agro forestry is being encouraged. (5mks)
         • To ensure continuous supply of wood, fuel, timber and herbal medicine.
         • To reduce the importation of forest products, hence save foreign exchange.
         • To protect the soil from erosion.
         • To create employment opportunity.
         • To protect and improve water catchment areas.
         • To maintain the hydrological cycle of water.
   2.  Give two examples of softwood trees found in Kenya. (2mks)
      • Juniper (Kenya cedar)
      • Cypress
      • Bamboo
      • Podo pine
   3. State four characteristics of softwood forests in Canada. (4mks)
      • Trees are conical in shape
      • The trees species occur in pure stands.
      • Trees grow tall and have straight trunk
      • Trees have narrow needle like leaves
      • Trees have wide shallow roots
      • Trees have no undergrowth
   4. Explain four problems that affect forestry in Canada. (8mks)
      • The severe winter especially in the northern Canada making the trees seedlings to take too long to mature leading to delay in harvesting of trees.
      • The rugged landscape in the northern part of Canada hind the smooth exploration of forests due to inaccessibility.
      • Wild fire, pests and diseases destroy large tracts of forests reducing the area under forest cover.
      • Over exploitation in some areas has created shortage of some of the species which takes a longtime to mature when replanted.   
   5. You have planned to carry out a study of a forest in your area. Identify problems likely to be encountered during the study. (4mks)
      • Rain may fall and delay the collections of data.
      • Researchers may fall sick while on the process of collecting data.
      • Thick forest brush vegetation may be difficult penetrate.
      • Steep slopes, deep valley, may be difficult to access or take more time than planned for.
      • Wild animals may attack the researchers making the study to be discontinued.