History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 3 End Term 3 Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A, three questions from section B, and two questions from section C
• Answers to all questions

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

1. Give two oral traditional sources of information on the history of Kenya during the colonial period (2 marks)
2. Give two evidence which prove that the Khoisan lived in Kenya before the 15th century A.D (2 marks)
3. Apart from the Mijikenda, name the other communities that belong to the coastal bantu (2 marks)
4. State the main reason why the Somali migrated into Kenya in the 19th century (1 mark)
5. Name the first missionary group that started the spread of Christianity along the Kenyan coast in the 19th century (1 mark)
6. Identify two agents who monitor the violation of human rights in Kenya (2 marks)
7. State two principles of democracy (2 marks)
8. Name the Anglo-Maasai treaty that shifted the Maasai from Laikipia to Ngong reserve (Southern reserve) (1 mark)
9. Give the main objective of the Ukamba Members Association (1 mark)
10. Give two reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow cash crops during the colonial period (2 marks)
11. Identify two ways in which the trade union movement contributed to the nationalist struggle in Kenya (2 marks)
12. State two roles played by Mekatilili Wa Menza in the Agiriama resistance in Kenya (2 marks)
13. Give one recommendations of the Lennox Boyd constitution regarding the legislative council (1 mark)
14. Give one way through which parliamentary supremacy in Kenya can be limited (1 mark)
15. Give one committee of parliament which deals with government financial matters (1 mark)
16. State one way in which the rule of law is applied in Kenya (1 mark)
17. Who is the head of judiciary in Kenya? (1 mark)
    
    SECTION B (45 MARKS)
     ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS
18.  
    1. State five reasons for the migration of the Nilotes. ( 5 Marks)
    2. Decribe the Social organization of the Maasai (10 marks)
19.  
    1. Give three reasons why the early visitors came to Kenyan coast before 1500 A.D. (3 marks
    2. Explain six factors that contributed to the development of trade between Kenyan coast and outside world by 1900 (12 marks)
20.  
    1. Give three economic reasons which encouraged British to colonize Kenya during the 19th century (3 marks)
    2. Explain six reasons why Kenyan communities were defeated by the British during establishment of colonial rule (12 marks)
21.  
    1. Give five challenges faced by independent churches and schools during the colonial period. (5 marks)
    2. Describe five roles played by Ronald Ngala in the struggle for independence in Kenya. (10 marks)
       
       SECTION C (30 MARKS)
       ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS
22.  
    1. State three reasons why the government may limit the freedom of speech. (3mks)
    2. Explain six responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen (12 Marks)
23.  
    1. Identify five development rights of children (5mks)
    2. Explain five rights of an accused person during trial in a court of law in Kenya (10mks)
24.  
    1. What is the composition of the executive arm of Government in Kenya? (3 Marks)
    2. Describe six functions of the Civil Servants in Kenya (12mks)

 MARKING SCHEME

1. Give two oral traditional sources of information on the history of Kenya during the colonial period
   • Stories
   • Riddles
   • Proverbs
   • Myths
   • Songs          (2 x 1 =2)
2. Give two evidence which prove that the Khoisan lived in Kenya before the 15th century A.D
   • Archeologists have excavated their tools, stones bowls.
   • Remnant of the Khoisan exist in Kenya e.g the Sanye.
   • Their ancient dwellings/ information on cave exist in Kenya .
   • Oral tradition among the early Bantu and Cushitic pastoralists mention their presence.     ( 2 x 1 =2mks)
3. Apart from the Mijikenda , name the other communities that belong to the coastal bantu
   • Pokomo
   • Taita Taveta   (2 x 1 = 2mks)
4. State the main reason why the Somali migrated into Kenya in the 19th century
   • The expansion of the Ethiopian Empire. ( 1 x 1= 1)
5. Name the first missionary group that started the spread of Christianity along the Kenyan coast in the 19th century
   • The Church Missionary Society (CMS) (1 x 1 =1)
6. Identify two agents who monitor the violation of human rights in Kenya
   • The police
   • Lawyers
   • Human Right Activists
   • Kenya National Human Rights Commission ( 2 x 1= 2mks)
7. State two principles of democracy
   • Consent of the people
   • Equality among all citizens
   • Political tolerance
   • Regular free and fair elections
   • Transparency and accountability
   • The rule of law
   • Balanced economic development.
   • Patriotism     (2x1=2)
8. Name the Anglo-Maasai treaty that shifted the Maasai from Laikipia to Ngong reserve (Southern reserve)
   • Anglo Maasai Agreement of 1911
9. Give the main objective of the Ukamba Members Association
   • To fight against destocking policy ( 1 x 1=1)
10. Give two reasons why Africans were not allowed to grow cash crops during the colonial period
    • European wanted to secure labour to settle farms.
    • Europeans wanted to eliminate market competition that would be posed by African crops.
    • Europeans believed that African crops would be prone to pests and disease that would spread to theirs. ( 2 x 1=2)
11. Identify two ways in which the trade union movement contributed to the nationalist struggle in Kenya
    • They presented African grievances to the colonial government.
    • They created awareness among the African about their rights.
    • They were avenues through which the Africans could air their grievances
    • They groomed leaders for national leadership e.g Tom Mboya ( 1 x1 = 1)
12. State two roles played by Mekatilili Wa Menza in the Agiriama resistance in Kenya
    • Mobilized /rallied the Agiriama to fight colonial domination.
    • She encouraged the Agiriama to face the British
    • She presented the Agiriama grievances to the colonial government.
    • She administered oaths which united the Agiriama people to fight with determination. ( 2 x 1=2)
13. Give one recommendation of the Lennox Boyd constitution regarding the legislative council
    • Suggested an increase by six legco seats for Africans making them 14.
    • Proposed special membership to legco with four members from each race. ( 1 x 1=1)
14. Give one way through which parliamentary supremacy in Kenya can be limited (1 mark)
    • Parliament cannot make laws that contradict traditional customs and practices of the people
    • Parliament cannot pass a law that contradicts Kenya’s constitution
    • President can limit the supremacy by making independent decisions
    • Parliament supremacy can be limited by the application of international laws
15. Give one committee of parliament which deals with government financial matters (1 marks)
    • The public investment committee
    • The public accounts committee
16. State one way in which the rule of law is applied in Kenya (1 mark)
    • By ensuring that all citizens are subjected to and governed by the same law
    • By ensuring that matters are handled according to the law of the land
    • By ensuring that everyone has the right to legal representation
    • By ensuring that all suspected criminals are assumed innocent until proven guilty
17. Who is the head of judiciary in Kenya? (1 mark)
    • The Chief Justice
      

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
 ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS

18.  
    1. State five reasons for the migration of the Nilotes. ( 5 Marks)
       • To search for pasture and water.
       • Spirit of adventure.
       • Natural calamities e.g. drought and famine
       • External attack.
       • Family feuds.
       • Diseases and epidemics. (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
    2. Describe the Social organization of the Maasai (10 marks)
       • The basic social unit was the family.
       • Several related families formed a clan.
       • People circumcised at the same period formed age sets age groups.
       • The Maasai believed in the existence of a supreme God Enkai.
       • The Oloibon was a religious leader and acted as the link between people and Enkai.
       • They offered sacrifices to God in special places in a ceremony called Eunoto.
       • Believed in the existence of ancestral spirits.
       • They were polygamous.
       • Both boys and girls underwent circumcision.
       • Women built houses (manyatta).
       • Their staple food was meat, milk and blood. (5 x 2 = 10 mks)
19.  
    1. Give three reasons why the early visitors came to Kenyan coast before 1500 A.D. (3 marks)
       • They wanted to participate in the trade/ control of the commercial activities along the coast
       • Some came as political/ religious refuges
       • Same came as explorers/ wanted to find out about the resources along the coast
       • They wanted to spread their religion
       • They wanted to establish settlements along the coast
    2.  Explain six factors that contributed to the development of trade between Kenyan coast and outside world by 1900 (12 marks)
       • Availability of items of trade encourage traders to come to the coast
       • The high demand goods/trade items from Kenyan coast by consumers in the outside world led to increased trade
       • The existence of local trade among the Africans along the coast provided a base upon which Ocean trade developed
       • The Monsoon winds facilitated the movement of vessels/ship to and from the coast thus enabling the merchants to take part in trade
       • The Indian ocean provided access to traders from Asia and Europe
       • The relative peace /political stability provided conducive environment for trade
       • The availability of credit facilities from Indian Bayans/ money lenders enabled many people to take part in trade
       • Existence enterprising merchants at the coast/ foreign lands promoted trading links enabled trade to flourish
       • The natural harbors along the coast ensured safe docking for ships for loading and unloading of items of trade
       • Advancement in ship/boat building led to better sailing vessels thus increased trading activities to and from the coast
20.  
    1. Give three economic reasons which encouraged British to colonize Kenya during the 19th century (3 marks)
       • To establish reliable markets for their manufactured goods
       • To establish sources for industrial raw materials for industries in Britain
       • Control the coast in order to safeguard their trade in the far east
       • To stop slave trade and establish legitimate trade
       • To find areas to invest surplus capital
    2. Explain six reasons why Kenyan communities were defeated by the British during establishment of colonial rule (12 marks)
       • The communities were not united hence were easily defeated
       • The communities had inferior weapons as compared to the superior British weapons
       • There soldiers had little knowledge about British military tactics
       • Their population had been weakened /reduced by catastrophes such as famine and rinder-pest and civil strife
       • Their leaders lacked adequate organizational skills to mobilizing the people
       • The British used treachery when dealing with communities/ collaborations
       • There economic base of the communities was destroyed by the British thus making them weak
       • The soldiers were demoralized when many warriors were captured and killed e.g. Aembu and Ameru in 1906/scorch earth policy
       • The Kenya-Uganda railway facilitated the faster movement of British troops
21.  
    1. Give five challenges faced by independent churches and schools during the colonial period. (5 marks)
       • Opposition from missionary churches.
       • Inadequate facilities like buildings and teaching materials.
       • Lack of ordained church ministers.
       • Restriction by the colonial government which prohibited the opening of schools and banning others.
       • Lack of co-ordination which resulted in rivalry e.g. between KISA and KKEA.
       • Shortage of funds to carry out their activities well.
       • They lacked a nationalistic outlook as they were restricted to small areas
       • The colonial government created Local Native Councils as rival bodies through which Africans channeled their demands hence weakening them. Any 5 points @ 1mark each (5 marks)
    2. Describe five roles played by Ronald Ngala in the struggle for independence in Kenya. (10 marks)
       • In 1947 he became a member of the Coast African Association through which he expressed the problems and hopes of the Mijikenda people.
       • He also mobilized the Mijikenda into forming a pressure group called the Mijikenda union to fight for their rights
       • He was the founder member of the Mombasa African Democratic Union (MADU) in 1955 to struggle for independence
       • As a member of the African Elected Members Association (AEMO) Ngala pressurized for the constitutional reforms for the Africans.
       • In 1958, he was appointed minister for Labour, Social Security and Adult Education a post he used in the struggle
       • He was instrumental in the formation of Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU) to defend the interests of the minority African groups against possible domination by Kenya African National Union (KANU) and he became its the president.
       • He led the African delegation which attended the Lancaster House Conference to draft the independence constitution.
       • He supported and called for the release of detained leaders through public rallies.
       • In 1961, KADU under the leadership of Ngala formed the first independent government with New Kenya Party.
       • He advocated for equal living standards for all races in Kenya. ( Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
         

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS

22.  
    1. State three reasons why the government may limit the freedom of speech. (3mks)
       • If one’s speech incites the public against the state.
       • If one discloses confidential information relating to the state.
       • If one spreads false information about the state / individual
       • Advocacy of hatred
       • Hate speech which can lead to ethnic incitements, discriminations or harm
       • When used in publishing obscene materials or using obscene language
    2. Explain six responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen (12 Marks)
       • Obeying the laws of the country to promote peace and harmony Respecting other citizens, their views and property to ensure peaceful co-existence.
       • Taking part in activities that promote national development for example contributing towards famine relief fund and Harambees
       • Participating in meetings organized by government officials and other community leaders to ensure effective implementation of policies. Contributing to the income of the government by paying taxes
       • Offering positive criticism to the government to promote good governance/ Participating in constitution making process and referendums
       • Exercising one's voting rights during presidential, parliamentary and Civic to enhance democracy.
       • Taking part in community policing and volunteering information about criminal activities to the police to enhance security
       • Avoiding corrupt practices and adhering to accountability and transparency for sustainable economic development
       • Being loyal and patriotic to the country in order to promote national security and social cohesion
23.  
    1. Identify five development rights of children (5mks)
       • Right to education
       • Right to leisure/ play
       • Right to participate in cultural and artistic activities
       • Right to express themselves
       • Access to information
       • Right to social security/ parental love
    2. Explain five rights of an accused person during trial in a court of law in Kenya (10mks)
       • The accused person is presumed innocent until proven guilty
       • He/ She should be informed of the charge with sufficient detail so as to prepare a defense
       • One should be given adequate time to consult with the advocate/ witness
       • One should be present when court proceedings are taking place
       • One should be given a chance to plead for leniency
       • One should not be forced to give evidence
       • One should be allowed to be heard.
       • One should be allowed to appeal against the ruling
       • Right to legal representation
24.  
    1. What is the composition of the executive arm of Government in Kenya? (3 Marks)
       • The President
       • The Deputy President
       • Cabinet Secretaries
       • Civil Service/Public Service
       • Attorney General
    2. Describe six functions of the Civil Servants in Kenya (12mks)
       • Civil servants interpret and explain government policies to the people
       • They implement government policies and programmes/ training
       • Civil servants such as Principal Secretaries advise their respective
       • Cabinet Secretaries on matters of government policy
       • They collect government revenue
       • They maintain law and order
       • Civil servants prepare development plans
       • Civil servants link the people with the central government
       • Civil servants keep the government operations running after the dissolution of parliament
       • Senior Civil Servants ensure proper use of public funds and resources/ protection and conservation of National Resources