Chemistry Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 End Term 1 Exams 2022

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Chemistry Paper 3 Questions and Answers with Confidentials - Form 4 End Term 1 Exams 2022

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Questions

INSTRUCTIONS:

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

Below is a table of oxides of period 3 elements. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl

Oxides Na₂O
Na₂O₂ MgO Al₂O₃ SiO₂ P₂O₃
P₂O₅ SO₂
SO₃ Cl₂O₇

Nature of oxides I II III IV V VI VII
1. Compare the electrical conductivity of oxides of Sodium to those of phosphorus. (2 mks)
2. Which oxides would react with dilute Sulphuric acid. Explain. (2 mks)
3. Write down balanced equation to show how one of the oxides would react with both 2M hydrochloric acid and 2M Sodium hydroxide solution. (2 mks)
4. What structure would be formed by the oxides of silicon? Explain your answer. (2 mks)
  The melting point of SO₂ is lower than that of MgO. MgO has a giant ionic structure while SO₂ has a simple molecular structure.
5. Describe how you would prepare a dry sample of lead (II) nitrate from the following reagents. Lead (II) oxide and dilute nitric (V) acid. (3 mks)
6. Alum used in treating water is both advantageous and disadvantageous. Explain.(2 mks)
7. When a blue litmus paper is dipped in a solution of aluminium Chloride it turns red. Explain.
The set up below was used to prepare hydrogen chloride gas and salt T. (1 ½ mks)
1. Identify the following:
  1. Liquid M.
  2. Gas V
  3. Salt T
2. Write down balanced chemical equations for reactions that occur at: (2 mks)
  1. Flask I
  2. Combustion tube.
3. Name the process that formed salt T as shown in the diagram. (½ mks)
4. Sulphuric (VI) acid is used as a drying agent in this experiment. Explain why calcium oxide is unsuitable for the same purpose in this reaction. (1 mk)
5. The water in the beaker was found to have a pH of 2.0 at the end of the experiment. Explain. (1 mk)
6. Calculate the mass of salt T formed if 480cm³ of hydrogen chloride gas measured at room temperature was reacted with aluminium powder (Al = 27, Cl = 35.5 MGV = 24dm³)(2 mks)
7. Draw a well labeled diagram showing how you would dissolve hydrogen chloride in water. (2 mks)
8. Explain why hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in methyl benzene does not react with calcium carbonate. (1 mk)
9. Using an equation, state the observation made when a gas jar containing hydrogen chloride gas is opened near an open bottle of liquid ammonia. (1 mk)
Use the information below to answer the questions that follow.
Ca_(s) + ½ O_2(g) → CaO_(s) ∆H = - 635kj/mol^-1
C_(s) + O_2(g) → CO_2(g) ∆H = - 394kj/mol
Ca + C + ³/₂O₂ → CaCO_3(s) ∆H = - 1207 kj/mol
1. Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction. (3 mks)
  CaO_(s) + CO_2(g) → CaCO_3(s)
2. State one factor that should be considered when choosing fuel for cooking. (1 mk)
3. A student used the apparatus shown to calculate the energy released when ethanol burns. The energy released by the burning ethanol raises the temperature of the water in the copper colorimeter.
  
  Volume of water used = 500cm³Initial temperature of water = 25oC
  Final temperature of water = 44.5oC
  Mass of ethanol + Lamp before burning = 121.5g
  Mass of ethanol + lamp after burning = 120.0g
  Calculate the:
  1. Heat evolved during the experiment (density of water = 1g/cm³, specific heat capacity of water = 4.2jg^-1K^-1) (3 mks)
  2. Molar heat of combustion of ethanol. (3 mks)
    (C = 12, O = 16, H = 1)
4. Write the thermo equation for the complete combustion of ethanol. (1 mk)
5. Sketch a simple energy diagram for the reaction of ethanol in air. (3 mks)
Name the following compounds using the LUPAC system.
1. 1. CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₃ (1 mk)
  2. CH₃CH₂CHC=CH (1 mk)
2. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
  1. Identify the catalyst used in step I. (1 mk)
  2. Name the compounds A and B. (1 mk)
    A
    B
  3. Give one disadvantage of compound formed in step III. (1 mk)
  4. Name the reactions taking place at steps. (2 mks)
    III
    IV
3. Compound A and B have the same molecular formula C3H6O2. Compound A liberates Carbon (iv) oxide on addition of aqueous Sodium carbonate while compound B does not. Compound B has a sweet smell. Draw the possible structures of:
  1. Compound A (1 mk)
  2. Compound B. (1 mk)
4. A student mixed equal volumes of ethanol and butanoic acid. He added a few drops of concentrated Sulphuric (vi) acid and warmed the mixture.
  1. Name and write the formula of the main products. (2 mks)
  2. Which homologous series does the product named in (i) above belong? (1 mk)
Use the standard electrode potentials given below to answer the questions that follow.
Element Volts(V)
Ag⁺_(aq) + e^- → Ag_(s) + 0.80
Cu²⁺_(aq) + 2e^- → Cu_(s) + 0.34
Pb²⁺_(aq) + 2e → Pb_(s) - 0.13
Zn²⁺ _(s) + 2e^- → Zn_(s) - 0.76
1. Select two half-cells which when combined give the lowest workable cell (lowest e.m.f). (1 mk)
2. Calculate the e.m.f of the cell formed by combining the two half-cells in (a) above.(1 mk)
3. 1. Select the strongest oxidizing agent. (½ mk)
  2. Strongest reducing agent (½ mk)
4. A cell was set up using lead and zinc electrodes as shown below.
  1. Write down the half equation for the half-cell in which oxidation occurs. (1 mk)
  2. Write down the overall cell equation. (1 mk)
  3. What is the role of the salt bridge (2 mks)
5. An iron cup was electroplated using chromium. The chromium electrode and the iron cup was thoroughly cleaned and weighed before being dipped into the electrolyte.
  1. Why was it necessary to clean the metals before dipping them into the electrolyte? (1 mk)
  2. A current of 0.75A was passed through the solution for one hour and four minutes. The mass of chromium deposited on the cup was 0.52g (1 Faraday = 96500C, Cr = 52)
    1. Calculate the quantity of electricity. (1 mk)
    2. How many moles of chromium were deposited? (1 mk)
    3. Calculate the quantity of electricity to deposit one mole of chromium.(2 mks)
    4. Calculate the number of Faradays required to deposit one mole of chromium and hence deduce the change of ion. (2 mks)
Nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia gas as shown in the following equation.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ∆H = -97 Kj/mol
The figure below shows how the percentage of ammonia gas in the equilibrium mixture changes with temperature
1. Explain why the percentage of ammonia gas changes as shown in the figure above. (2 mks)
2. On the following axis, sketch a graph showing how the percentage of ammonia gas in the equilibrium mixture changes with pressure. (1 mk)
3. Bismuth chloride (BICl3) reacts with water according to the equation given below.
  BiCl_3(g) + H₂O_(l) → BiOCl_(s) + 2HCl_(aq)
  1. State what would happen when a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid are added to the mixture at equilibrium. (1 mk)
  2. Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i) above. (1 mk)
4. 1. In that harbor process, the industrial manufacture of ammonia is given by the following equation:
    N_2(g) + 3H₂ → 2NH_3(g) _∆H = -97jh/mol
    1. Name one source of hydrogen used in the process. (1 mk)
    2. Name the catalyst used in the above reaction. (1 mk)
    3. What is the effect of increasing temperature on yield of ammonia. Explain. (2 mks)
  2. The curves below were obtained when equal volumes of 2M HCl were reacted with 3.0g of marble chips (CaCO₃). In one of the reactions, the acid was warmed before adding this marble chips.
    1. Write down the equation for the reaction. (2 mks)
    2. Identify the curve representing the reaction where the acid was warmed. (1 mk)

Marking Scheme

1. - Oxide of sodium are good conductors in aqueous solution and molten form due to the presence of mobile ions
  - Oxides of phosphorus are non conductors in all states since they lack mobile ions.
2. Oxides of sodium, magnesium and aluminium. These are basic oxides.
3. Al2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
  Al2O3 (s) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2Na(Al(OH)4)(aq) + 3H2O(l)
4. Giant atomic or giant covalent structure, silicon and oxyegn have small differences in electron affinity.
  Continuous covalent bonds exists in the structure of the oxides to create stable compounds
5. Add dilute nitric (V) acid to lead (II) oxide and stir until all the oxide has dissolved.
  Filter the mixture to obtain a nitrate
  Evaporate the filtrate until the crystals begin to appear on a string rod.
  Allow to cool for crystals to form.
  Drain off the excess filtrate and dry in the sun.
6. Alum causes acidity therefore disadvantageous
  Alum coagulates dissolved or suspended particles therefore purifier
7. Aluminium chloride hydrolises in solution producign hydroxium ions which turn blue litmus paper red.
1. 1. Liquid M - concentrated sulphuric (VI)acid
  2. Gas V - Hydrogen
  3. Salt T - Aluminium(III)chloride
2. 1. Flask I
    NaCl_(s) + H₂SO_4(l) → NaHSO_4(aq) + HCl_(aq)
  2. Combustion tube
    2Al_(s) + 6HCl_(g) → 2AlCl_3(s) + H_2(g)
3. Sublimation
4. It results with hydrogen chloride gas to form a salt.
5. Excess HCl dissolved in the water to form hydrochloric acid.
6. MGV = 24dm³
  MOles of HCl
  = ⁴⁸⁰/₂₄₀₀₀ = 0.002 moles
  Moles of AlCl₃ =
  0.02 x 2 = 0.00667
  6
  Mass = 0.00667 x 133.5
  0.89g
8. HCl in methylbenzene exists as a molecule: no free ions
9. HCl_(g) + NH_3(g) → NH4Cl_(s)
  (white fumes)
1. ΔH= ΔH_cCa + ΔH_cC = ΔH CaCO₃
  -635 + - 394 = -1207
  ΔH = -1207 + 635 + 394
  = -178KJmol^-1
2. - Heating value
  - Availability
  - Cost
  - Ease of storage
  - Ease of combustion
  - Efficiency of environment.
3. 1. Mass of water 500cm³ x 1g/cm³ = 500g
    ΔT = 44.5 - 25.0 = 19.5C
    Heat evolved = 500g x 4.2jg-k- x 19.5
    = 409.50j
  2. Mass of ethanol = 121.5 - 120.0 = 1.5g
    RMM of ethanol = CH3CH2OH = 46
    1.5g of ethanol produced 409.50j
    40 → x
    (409.50 x 46)= 1255800j/mol
    = 125.58KJ
4. CH3CH2OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O ΔH = -1255.8KJ/mol
1. 1. Ethylpropanoate
  2. 3-BromoHex-2-ene
2. 1. Nickel/ pakadium
  2. A- Ethane
    B- chloroethene
  3. Non- biodegradable
  4. III- polymerisation
    IV - substitution reaction
3. 1. CH₃CH₂COOH
  2. CH₃COOCH₃ or HCOOCH₂CH₃
4. 1. CH₃CH₂CH₂COOCH₂CH₃Ethylbutanoate
  2. Esters or Alkylalkanoate
1. Pb²⁺ + 2e^- ⇌ Pb(s)
  and
  Cu²⁺ + 2e^- ⇌ Cu(s)
2. Ered - E oxide
  0.34 + 0.13 = +0.47V
3. 1. Ag⁺
  2. Zn_(s)
4. 1. Zn_(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺ + 2e^-
  2. Zn_(s) + Pb²⁺_(aq) ⇌ Zn²⁺_(aq) + Pb_(s)
5. 1. To remove any oxide layer that might interfere with electroplating process.
  2. 1. Q= 1t
      = 0.75 x 3840
      = 2880C
    2. Moles = mass/RAM
      0.54 = 0.01moles
      52
    3. 0.01 moles requires 2880C
      1 moles " ' x
      1 x 2880C = 288000C
      0.01
    4. 1F → 96500C
      xF → 288,000C
      x(1F x 288000C)
      96500
      x = 2.98F
      charge = 3⁺
1. As temperature increases, the yiled of ammonia gas dereases since forward recatio, exothermic.
3. 1. equilibirum shifts to the left.
  2. In order to reduce the concentration of HCl and restore the equilibrium.
4. 1. 2. Cracking of long chain alkanes
    3. Finely divided iron/ iron powder.
    4. Yield decreases
      High temperature favours background reaction.
  2. 1. CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
    2. Cave I