History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 End Term 1 Exams 2022

Questions

SECTION A (25 Marks)
Answer all the questions in this section.

1. State one limitation of using electronics as a source of information of History and Government. (1mark)
2. Identify two classes of monarchial government. (2marks)
3. Identify two ways in which early man used tools. (2marks)
4. Identify two uses of copper in Africa during the 19th century. (2marks)
5. State one type of trade. (1mark)
6. State two ways in which slaves were acquired during the Trans-Atlantic trade. (2marks)
7. Give two negative impacts of internet today. (2marks)
8. Give two factors that led to the decline of Kilwa town. (2marks)
9. Give two categories of chiefs in the Buganda Kingdom. (2marks)
10. Name the leader of the British South African Company (BSACO.) in the 19th century. (1mark)
11. Identify two methods of colonial administration used by the British in Africa. (2marks)
12. Name one treaty signed by Lobengula and the British during the process of colonization. (1mark)
13. State one way through which the United Nations Organization contributed to the growth of African Nationalism.
    (1mark)
14. State the main cause of the Cold War. (1mark)
15. Give one factor that led to the failure of Ujamaa policy in Tanzania. (1mark)State the main function of the International Court of
16. Justice. (1mark)
17. State one way in which one can become a member of the House of Lords in Britain. (1mark)

SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer three questions from this section

18.        
    1. Give five changes that led to Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (5marks)
    2. Explain the effects of Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (10marks)
19.        
    1. Give three factors that led to the development of urban centres in Africa during the pre-colonial period. (3marks)
    2. Explain six consequences of urbanization in Europe during the 19th C. (12marks)
20.     
    1. Give three social reasons that led to the scramble and petition of Africa in the 19thC by European powers. (3marks)
    2. Explain six impacts of European partition of Africa. (12marks)
21.     
    1. Give three reasons why the Ndebele were defeated by the British in 1893-1894. (3marks)
    2. Briefly describe the results of the Anglo-Ndebele war of 1893-1894. (12marks)

SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer two questions from this section.

22.      
    1. Outline five grievances of Africans against Apartheid in South Africa. (5marks)
    2. Explain five challenges faced by African Nationalists in the struggle for majority rule in South Africa. (10marks)
23.     
    1. Identify five achievements of Pan Africanism. (5marks)
    2. Describe five factors undermining the activities of African Union (AU) since its formation in 2001 (10marks)
24.     
    1. State three functions of political parties in the United States of America (USA) (3marks)
    2. Explain six duties of the president of the United States of America (USA) (12marks)

Marking Scheme

1. State one limitation of using electronics as a source of information of History and Government.
   
   • May contain biased information
   • Exaggeration of some information e.g. acted films
   • Some are censured and may leave out same important information
   • It is expensive (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
     
     
2. Identify two classes of monarchial government.
   • Constitutional monarchy
   • Absolute monarchy (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
     
     
3. Identify two ways in which early man used tools.
   • For protection against enemies
   • For hunting and gathering
   • For digging roots
   • For constructing shelter
   • For skinning/scrapping/peeling
   • For cutting/chopping
   • For making containers/curving
   • For sharpening (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
     
     
4. Identify two uses of copper in Africa during the 19th century.
   • Decoration
   • Making utensils
   • Medium of exchange
   • Storing of wealth
     
     
5. Item of trade (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
   • State one type of trade.
   • Local
   • Regional
   • International
     
     
6. State two ways in which slaves were acquired during the Trans-Atlantic trade.
   • Some African leaders sold their citizens as slaves
   • People who failed to pay debts were sold to slave dealers
   • Lonely travellers were captured and sold
   • Prisoners of war and criminals were sold
   • Chiefs and traders organized raids on unsuspecting villages and sold the captured
   • The weak in the society, for example orphans and widows were sold to slave dealers
   • Children were enticed with sweets and later sold as slaves (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
     
     
7. Give two negative impacts of internet today.
   • Addiction
   • Cyber-crime
   • Moral erosion e.g. pornography. (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
     
     
8. Give two factors that led to the decline of Kilwa town.
   • Disruption of the gold trade due to civil wars
   • Constant rebellion by states weakened the city state
   • The conquest and attack by the Portuguese
   • Dynastic rivalries due to powered struggle by some royal families led to its decline (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
     
     
9. Give two categories of chiefs in the Buganda kingdom.
   • Mugema (senior chief)
   • Saza chiefs
   • Bataka chiefs
   • Miluka
   • Gombolola
   • Abatongole (in charge of conquered states) (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
     
     
10. Name the leader of the British South African Company (BSACO.) in the 19th century.
    
    • Cecil Rhodes
      
      
11. Identify two methods of colonial administration used by the British in Africa.
    • Direct rule
    • Indirect rule
      
      
12. Name one treaty signed by Lobengula and the British during the process of colonization.
    • Moffat treaty
    • Rudd concession
      
      
13. State one way through which the United Nations Organization contributed to the growth of African Nationalism.
    • The U.N charter which advocated for self –determination among the colonized people
      
      
14. State the main cause of cold war.
    • Ideological differences
      
      
15. Give one factor that led to the failure of Ujamaa policy in Tanzania.
    • Villages were established in less productive lands
    • Shortage of labour as a result of rural-urban migration
    • People in agriculturally rich areas like the Mt. Kilimanjaro region preferred individual farming because it was more profitable
    • Demoralization of workers.
      
      
16. State the main function of the International Court of Justice.
    • To settle international disputes
      
      
17. State one way in which one can become a member of the House of Lords in Britain.
    • Nomination
    • Inheritance
    • By virtue of office
      
      
18.            
    1. Give five changes that led to the Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (5marks)
       • Use of machines
       • Use of fertilizers
       • Breeding of modern livestock
       • Abolition of fallows
       • Crop rotation
       • Fencing and hedging
       • Scientific methods of food preservation
         
         
    2. Explain the effects of the Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (10marks)
       • Increased food production leading to population increase
       • Expansion of Agro-based industries increased trade
       • Need for labour caused slave trade in Africa
       • Development of infrastructure e.g. roads and railways
       • Many inventions to boost farming e.g. mechanical reaper by Cyrus Mac Cernic
       • Migration of British people to new land e.g. America
       • Led to rural-urban migration
         
         
19.                    
    1. Give three factors that led to development of urban centres in Africa during the pre-colonial period. (5marks)
       • Existence of trade routes which linked various places lead to the development of towns and major cross roads
       • Administration/royal centres later developed into towns
       • Development of centres of learning later became urban centres
       • Development in agriculture led to availability of food which in turn encouraged people to establish permanent settlements
       • Religious centres developed into towns e.g. Kumasi
       • Places that were secure attracted population and later developed into towns
       • Ports and harbours which were used as calling stations for replenishment developed to urban centres
       • Place were water was available developed with urban centre
       • Trading activities led to the rise of convergent centres which later developed into towns (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
         
         
    2. Explain six consequences of urbanization in Europe during the 19th century
       • Expansion of trade
       • Promoted social interaction among Europeans nations.
       • Poor health resulting from poor working conditions and inadequate health facilities.
       • Landless peasants migrated to urban centres in search of employment
       • Pollution of environment by untreated industrial waste.
       • Outbreak of epidemics such as cholera and typhoid due to poor sanitation.
       • Increased immorality inform of alcoholism, prostitution and crime.
       • Led to improvement of transport and communication.
       • Starvation resulting from inadequate food supply to the large urban population.
       • Strained social facilities/recreational facilities. (6x2=12mrks)
         
         
20.                    
    1. Give three social reasons that led to the scramble and the partition of Africa in the 19th century by European powers.
       • Christian missionaries wanted to spread Christianity.
       • The humanitarians wanted to stop slave trade.
       • Wanted to spread their superior culture.
       • Exploration and adventure of new lands. (3x1=3mrks)
         
         
    2. Explain six impacts of partition of Africa by European powers
       • Boundaries were drawn without considering peoples wishes
       • Division of communities such as the Maasai of Kenyans and Tanzania, Somalis of Somali and Somalis of Kenya.
       • Collapse of some kingdoms.
       • Boundary disputes led to conflicts between states.
       • It led to culture erosion of African practices in the process of adopting European culture.
       • Loss of many lives during military resistance.
       • Destruction of property, homes and farmlands.
       • Abolition of slave trade and subsequent introduction of legitimate trade.
         
         
21.                 
    1. Give three reasons why the Ndebele were defeated by the British in 1893 – 1894
       • The British army was well equipped with horses and modern weapons like Machine guns
       • The Ndebele used inferior weapons
       • Ndebele warriors had been weakened by small pox
       • The company forces were well trained and well led. Dr. Lieder Star Jameson was a tough and ruthless commander
       • The British were supported by the Mashona
       • The death of Lobengula greatly demoralized the Ndebele warriors who surrendered.
         
         
    2. Briefly describe the results of the Anglo-Ndebele war at 1893-1894.
       • The Ndebele lost their independence to the British
       • The British took away Ndebele cattle as a war fine
       • The British government recognized company rule in Matabeleland
       • The defeat of the Ndebele opened the way for massive land alienation
       • The Ndebele were pushed to the dry and unproductive Gwaai and Shangani reserves
       • The Ndebele were subjected to forced labour and taxation
       • The Ndebele system of government was dismantled and the age-set organization broken. Many Indians were killed and those who remained were not recognized
         
         
22.              
    1. Outline five grievances of Africans against Apartheid in South Africa
       • Africans were not allowed to vote for black representatives in the government
       • They were not allowed to live in the same urban areas with the whites
       • They were prohibited from sharing same facilities with the whites like buses, toilets and schools.
       • The pass laws restricted African movement
       • Africans were confined into black homeland (reserves) called Bantustans
       • The labour laws denied them equal employment opportunities
       • Low quality educations prepared Africans for low cadre jobs
       • Wanted better education for the Africans
       • Peoples freedom and liberties were restricted
       • The land Acts gave whites exclusive rights over land
         
         
    2. Explain five challenges faced by African Nationalists in struggle for majority rule in South Africa
       • Some were arrested and detained by the apartheid government
       • The political parties were banned by the government making it difficult for the nationalists to coordinate their activities.
       • They lacked unity, rendering their struggle less effective
       • Pass laws restricted the movement of Africans thus hampering their interactions
       • They lacked adequate funds to finance he struggle thus slowing down their operations
       • The government banned African newspapers making it difficult to spread their ideas
       • They lacked advanced weapons to fight effectively against the Apartheid police
       • Ideologies differences among leaders ie moderates, communists and radicals created a loophole which was exploited by the Apartheid government to divide the nationalists
       • Some nationalists were killed, breaking the morale of other freedom fighters
       • The apartheid government was too harsh and cruel. It used brutal methods against the Africans
       • The government frequently declared states of emergency in South Africa and always ran a police state. This threatened African nationalists.
       • Use of divide and rule policy to divide the Africans.
         
         
23.                 
    1. Identify five achievement of Pan-Africanism
       • It encouraged Africans to unite against colonial injustices thereby promoting African nationalism.
       • It restored African dignity by demanding respect for African values
       • It lead to the formation of Organization of African unity (O.A.U)
       • It made Africans aware of their status in society and their rights
       • It created a sense of unity among the people of African descent
       • It campaigned against the apartheid regime in South Africa
       • It encouraged the formation of nationalist movements to liberate Africans from colonial rule
         
         
    2. Describe five factors undermining the activities of the African Union (A.U) since its formation in 2001.
       • Political instability and civil wars in many countries makes it difficult to execute some of its programmes.
       • Border disputes between member countries creates disunity in the continent
       • Lack of democracy in some countries has contributed to inability to end human rights abuses and violations
       • Poor means of transport is a hindrance to economic development in Africa
       • Interference of African affairs by western countries undermines the union effort to implement its policies
       • Due to Neo-colonization. The members are more attached to their former colonial masters at the expense of the union
       • Ideological differences between some African states creates division within the union
       • The A.U lacks a standing army making it ineffective in pushing its decisions
       • National interests are given priority at the expense of the unions interests
       • There is divided loyalty based on other regional bodies
       • Inadequate funds makes it difficult for the union to fulfill its obligations since most African countries are poor and indebted
       • There occurs personal differences between leaders
       • The western countries are still against total unification of Africa hence interferes with AU leadership like the killing of Gaddafi of Libya in 2010 who was one of the founders of AU
       • Terrorists groups are an increasing threat to peace and stability in Africa, like Al-shabaab and Boko-Haram
         
         
24.                  
    1. State three functions of political parties in USA (3marks)
       • Parties make electoral politics coherent without political parties, each candidate would operate as one’s own agent hence making the exercise chaotic
       • The party label makes voters sort through the candidates as parties usually stand for different principles and politics
       • The political party system provides accountability, when the policies of a party fail, the voters can held its candidates accountable at election time
       • Parties help to put the desires of the people on the government policy agenda
       • Parties also provide outlets for citizens to express their sentiments about nominees
         
         
    2. Explain six duties of the president of the United States of America (USA) (12marks)
       • He is the head of state, re[presents the country abroad and welcomes foreign dignities
       • He is the chief executive, he executes laws and policies passed by congress
       • The US president is the chief diplomat. He gives the congress information of international developments
       • He is the chief legislator who initiates bills, appeals to legislators to support him. He can also veto powers to pass bills
       • The president is commander in chief of the armed forces
       • He is the head of the ruling party
       • He appoints with approval of senate top officials in government
       • The US president is the national voice of the people of U.S.A