History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 4 Term 2 Opener Exams 2022

QUESTIONS

1. Identify two sources of information which historians use to write the history of Kenya. (2mks)
2. Name the remaining southern Cushitic speaker in Kenya. (1mk)
3. Name two communities in Kenya that belong to the coastal Bantus. (2mks)
4. State two ways in which the Agikuyu and Maasai interacted during the pre- colonial period. (2mks)
5. Mention two economic benefits of the Oman rule along the Kenya coast during the 19thcentury (2mks)
6. Give the main reasons that led to the decline of the Gedi in the 15th century. (1mk)
7. Identify one way in which a Kenyan citizen can participate in the democratization process. (1mk)
8. Mention one reform resulting from the littleto constitution of 1954. (1mk)
9. Mention the amendment made on the Kenyan constitution that reverted the country back to a multi – party state. (1mk)
10. Identify one reason that made Nabongoo Mumia to collaborate with the British. (1mk)
11. State two problems that the imperial British East African company faced in administering Kenya. (2mk)
12. Give the main reason why the British were able to conquer Kenyan communities during the 19th century (1mk)
13. Give two reasons why the Africans were opposed to British colonial rule.
14. Give one reason why Africans were denied equal educational opportunities with other races during the colonial period.
15. Give one terms of the Anglo-German agreement of 1886. (2mk)
16. Give the main role of opposition political parties in Kenya. (1mk)
17. Name the two categories of land during the colonial period in Kenya (2mks)
    SECTION B (45MARKS)
18.                            
    1. Why did the Bantu migrate from the coastal settlement at Shugwaya in the 16thcentuary? (5mks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Abaluhyia during the pre-colonial period.   (10 mks)
19.                        
    1. State three methods which were used by the colonial government to acquire land for European settlement. (3mks)
    2. Apart from providing settlers with land explain six other ways through which the colonial government promoted settler agriculture in Kenya. (12mks)
20.                        
    1. state five method which were used by African Nationalists in Kenya during the struggle for independence. (5mks)
    2. Explain five factors that promoted the growth of African Nationalist activities in Kenya between 1945 and 1963. (10mks)
21.                      
    1. apart from Kenya African National Union (KANU) name three other political parties formed in Kenya between 1960 and 1963. (3mks)
    2. Explain the contribution of Daniel Arap Moi in the struggle for independence in Kenya.  (12mks)
       SECTION C (30marks)
22.                          
    1. State five factors that promote National unity in Kenya.( 5mks)
    2. Explain five methods of conflict resolution.  (10mks)
23.                              
    1. Give three reasons why human right are important. (3mks)
    2. Describe six features of the independence constitution of Kenya. (12mks)
24.                        
    1. State three ways in which the National accord and reconciliation Act, 2008 affected the composition of government in Kenya. (3mks)
    2. Explain six functions of the National Assembly in Kenya. (12marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Identify two sources of information which historians use to write the history of Kenya. (2mks)
   Written sources (Accept examples of written ancient source)
   • Archaeology/paleontology
   • Linguistics
   • Oral traditions
   • Anthropology
   • Genetic
   • Rock painting/Sculpture/engravings
2. Name the remaining southern Cushitic speaker in Kenya. (1mk)
   • Dahallo/sanye
3. Name two communities in Kenya that belong to the coastal Bantus. (2mks)
   • Mijikenda
   • Pokomo
   • Waswahili
   • Taita
4. State two ways in which the Agikuyu and Maasai interacted during the pre- colonial period. (2mks)
   • Through trade
   • Through intermarriages
   • Warfare
   • Raids
5. Mention two economic benefits of the Oman rule along the Kenya coast during the 19th century (2mks)
   • The Oman established land distance trade in East Africa that added value to that East African resource like Rhino horns, ivory, leading to economic growth in E. Africa.
   • The Oman led to the development of plantation agriculture along the Kenyan coast.
   • They introduced new crops in E. African Coast e.g mangoes, rice, and sugarcane.
   • They introduced money economy in Kenya
   • New lines of transport were opened between the coast and the interior e.g trade routes
   • They linked E. African Coast international trade/it linked E. Africa to the global commercial network.
6. Give the main reasons that led to the declinel of the Gedi in the 15th Century. (1mk)
   • Shortage of water/drought
7. Identify one way in which a Kenyan citizen can participate in the democratization process. (1mk)
   • voting
   • protesting against evil practices of the government
   • paying taxes to the government
   • attending and participating in community or civic meetings
   • Debating on issues affecting the state
   • Contesting for civic elections, parliament and presidential elections
8. Mention one reform resulting from the littleto constitution of 1954. (1mk)
   • It led to the establishment of a multi-racial council of ministers made up of official’s unofficial member.
   • African members were elected to the Leg. Co.
   • Africans were allowed to form political organizations whose functions were confined to district levels.
   • Led to eshtablishmant of an advisory council to discuss government policies
9. Mention the amendment made on the Kenyan constitution that reverted the country back to a multi – party state. (1mk)
   • The repeal of section 2A in December 1991
10.  Identify one reason that made Nabongoo Mumia to collaborate with the British. (1mk)
    • To consolidate his position and that of his Kingdom
    • To secure military support against j=his enemies e.g The luo of Uganya
    • To obtain materials benefit from the British
    • To secure military support to expand his kingdom
    • To gain prestige and fame by associating with the British.
11. State two problems that the imperial British East African company faced in administering Kenya. (2mk)
    • Lack of funds
    • Rivalry form the German company over control of the region
    • Hostility and attacks by the local people
    • Lack of personnel to administer the colony
    • Lack of coordination between the Headquarters and company representatives in Kenya.
    • Lack of good means of transport and communication to facilitate the coordination of their activities.
    • Lack of experienced administrators.
    • Tropical diseases unfavorable climate
12. Give the main reason why the British were able to conquer Kenyan communities during the 19th century (1mk)
    • Military superiority of the British
13. Give two reasons why the Africans were opposed to British colonial rule.
    • Loss of independence
    • land alienation
    • Imposition of taxes
    • Disruption of African culture
    • Disruption of coastal trade by the British
    • Introduction of the kipande system
    • Racial segregation
14. Give one reason why Africans were denied equal educational opportunities with other races during the colonial period.
    • Europeans wanted to maintain semi-skilled labour for the colony
    • Fear of competition from educated Africans
15. Give one terms of the Anglo-German agreement of 1886. (2mk)
    • 1 km coastal strip was awarded to the sultan of Zanzibar (10miles)
    • The islands of pembe, pate, Zanzibar and Lamu and river Ruvuma were given to the Germans
    • Witu and territory between River Umba and Ruvuma were given to the Germans
    • The territory between river Umba and Jumba were given to the British.
16.  Give the main role of opposition in political parties in Kenya. (1mk)
    • To provide a system of checks and balances to the government of the day, to guard against excess/to act as a check on the government.
17. Name the two categories of land during the colonial period in Kenya (2mks)
    • Public land
    • Private land
18.                                  
    1. Why did the Bantu migrate from the coastal settlement at Shugwaya in the 16th centuary? (5mks)
       • Invasion of the settlement by the incoming cushites/oromo invasion
       • Internal conflicts
       • Population increase
       • Outbreak of diseases/epidemic/natural calamities
       • Search for land for settlement
       • Search for pasture and water for their animals
    2. Describe the political organization of the Abaluhyia during the pre-colonial period. (10 mks)
       • Several families with common ancestral formed the clan
       • A clan occupied a village (Olukongo) and its neighborhood each clan was under a village elder
       • They had a council of elders knowns as ‘Abanego’ which settled disputes, distributed land and was the final court of appeal
       • The age group and age-set were known by different names i.e Kikhula, Olubaka or Oruse which became warriors to defend their land.
       • Religious leaders also played political roles and also served in the council of elders
       • By the end of the 19th century other abaluhia sub-groups began having vassal chiefs (Abami) who claimed their authority from the Nabongo of the wanga.
19.                          
    1. State three methods which were used by the colonial government to acquire land for European settlement. (3mks)
       • Through signing of treaties with African e.g. Maasai agreement’s 1904 &1911
       • Through use of forces
       • Some parts of unoccupied were declared crown land. They were leased, granted of sold to settlers.
    2. Apart from providing settlers with land explain six other ways through which the colonial government promoted settler agriculture in Kenya. (12mks)
       • The government provided continuous flow of African labour to settlers by imposing heavy taxes and imposing forced labour laws. The Kipande system was introduced to restrict movement of laborers
       • Agricultural activities of the Africans were controlled to reduce competition for markets up to 1930s. Africans were allowed to grow any main cash crops.
       • The colonial government provided boosted settler agriculture by providing adequate transport network to ease marketing of their produce and delivery of farm produce.
       • The colonial government provided extension services through the department of agriculture and established research stations to facilitate the development of better breeds for better yields.
       • Banking system and loan facilities were introduced to subsidize settler initiatives
       • The government encouraged settlers to form co-operatives e.g. KCC & KFA. This facilitated marking of the produce & purchasing of farm inputs
       • Though political representation in the Legco they managed to get many concessions e.g. tariffs barriers & removal of custom duties
20.                              
    1. state five method which were used by African Nationalists in Kenya during the struggle for independence. (5mks)
       • Nationalists attended constitutional conferences to present grievances.
       • African in the Leg-co pressured the colonial government to hasten decolonization programme
       • They used trade unions to popularize the course of the struggle among workers
       • Organized strikes & boycotts
       • They enlisted public sympathy through the press
       • Formed political parties that coordinated nationalist activities.
       • Used violence/armed struggle against colonial government
    2. Explain five factors that promoted the growth of African Nationalist activities in Kenya between 45 and 1963. (10mks)
       • The experience of the ex-service men made them more informed of world affairs on their return.
       • The labour government which came to power in 1945 was more responsible to the demand for self-rule in the colonies.
       • The constitutional changes initiated by the colonial government in Kenya promoted Nationalist activities e.g. the Littleton constitution of 1954 provide elections for Africans to the Leg-co for the first time.
       • The UNO recommend for self-determination for the colonized communities as a right it also provided a forum where colonizers were urged to liberate colonial people.
       • Examples provided by the India’s and Ghana’s independence, in 1947 & 1957 showed African Nationalists in Kenya that Independence was achievable.
       • Mau Mau movement consolidated the Nationalist struggle and brought into direct confrontation with the colonial government thus giving an impetus to the nationalist struggle.
       • Lifting of ban on political parties
       • The activities of trade unions promoted the growth of African nationalists activities especially in urban centers
       • education
21.                    
    1. apart from Kenya African National Union (KANU) name three other political parties formed in Kenya between 1960 and 1963. (3mks)
       • Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU)
       • African people’s party (APP)
       • New Kenya Party (NKP)
    2. Explain the contribution of Daniel Arap Moi in the struggle for independence in Kenya. (3mks)
       • In 1957 he was elected to the Legco
       • He founded Elected African Members Organization. (AEMO)
       • When KANU was formed in 1960 he was elected acting assistant treasurer of the party
       • In 1960 Moi with Ronald Ngara founded KADU to defend the interests of minority tribes
       • In 1961 Moi was elected as a member of parliamentary secretary to the ministry of education
       • He visited Kenyatta in detention
       • He visited Kikuyu inmates at Naivasha detention camp
22.                                    
    1. State five factors that promote National unity in Kenya.( 3mks)
       • Constitution
       • education
       • National language
       • Social economic interactions
       • Equal distribution of resources
       • National philosophies
       • National symbols of unity e.g. National flag
    2. Explain five methods of conflict resolution. (10mks)
       • Negotiations- Discussion between two parties or people who are trying to reach an agreement
       • Arbitration- This is provide by the Kenyan laws. Arbitrators
       • Diplomacy/conciliation- negotiation between individuals to create understanding and room for reconciliation
       • Legislation – passing of laws that controls conflicts. It criminalizes activities that led to conflict
       • Traditional society- elders of communities raising their experience to resolve a conflict.
       • Religious action – Religious figure are called upon to resolve political, social and economic conflicts and give guidance on the emerging social trends and issues.
       • Policing – used to maintain law and order. Presence of police help to control crime that bring about conflict
       • International agreements – International agreement on security or sharing natural resources e.g. Egypt & Kenya on waters of R. Nile.
       • Mediation – A situation where a person who is not involve in a dispute tries to reach two conflicting parties reach an agreement.
23.                              
    1. Give three reasons why human right are important. (3mks)
       • It promotes human dignity as the rights of the people are observed
       • It promotes unity among the people by encouraging harmonious co- existence
       • It promotes the rule of law by encouraging justice /good governance in society
       • It promotes respect for other people’s culture by appreciating cultural diversity
       • It promotes Tolerance by accommodating other people’s views/ideas
       • It promotes democracy as other people’s opinions/views are respected
       • It promotes development by creating an enabling/conducive environment
       • Rights justify special treatment of minority/disadvantaged groups/communities
       • It provides guidance to state organs regarding to the exercise of state power.
    2. Describe six features of the independence constitution of Kenya. (12mks)
       • A federal government was adopted with six regions each retaining considerable powers through the central government
       • The National Assembly was bicameral consisting of the senate and House of Representatives
       • It spelt out the powers and responsibility of both central and regional government.
       • It created the post of the prime minister to head the government.
       • It created the post of the Governor General representing the Queen of England as the head of state
       • It safeguarded the interests of the minority groups like the Europeans and Asians.
       • It provided for an independent and impartial judiciary to ensure that justice is done
       • It led to the formation of independence Electoral Commission that would ensure impartiality and honesty during elections
       • It provided that the party with majority seats could form the government which would comprise of the Prime minister and cabinets ministers.
       • A bill of rights spelling out the fundamental right and freedoms of all citizens was included in the constitution
24.                          
    1. State three ways in which the National accord and reconciliation Act, 2008 affected the composition of government in Kenya. (3mks)
       • Formation of a coalition government
       • Creation of the post of the prime minister
       • Creation of two posts of Deputy prime ministers
       • Expansion of the size of the cabinet
    2. Explain six functions of the National Assembly in Kenya. (12marks)
       • It represents the people of the constituencies and special interest groups
       • It deliberates on and resolves issues of concern to the people
       • It makes and amends laws
       • It determines the allocation of national revenue between the national and county government
       • It supervises the operations of state organs
       • It approves government revenue
       • It controls revenue and expenditure of the entire republic
       • It checks the conduct of the holders of the office of the president, deputy president and other officers
       • The members approves appointment made by the president to ensure merit/professionalism/integrity of appointees