KCSE 2015 Music Paper 3 with Marking Scheme

SECTION A: BASIC SKILLS (32 marks)
Answer questions from all sections.

1.    
   1. Either (a)
      Continue the following opening to make a melody of sixteen bars for voice with a modulation to the subdominant before returning to the tonic key. Incorporate tempo variations and a triplet.
      (12 marks)
      
      Or
   2. Compose a melody and set to it the text below.
      Add phrase marks to indicate cadencial points. (12 marks)
      Oo! safari ya Mombasa
      huvutia watu hasa
      Oo! Mombasa ni Mombasa,
      ulo mji wa fanaka.
2. Harmonize the following melody for Soprano, Alto, Tenor and Bass (SATB). Choose appropriate chords from the following: I, II, IV, V and VI. (20 marks)
   

SECTION B: HISTORY AND ANALYSIS (48 marks)

3. AFRICAN MUSIC
   1.    
      1. Name three Kenyan traditional drum ensembles and match each of them with the community that plays it. (3 marks)
      2. Several factors influence the naming of traditional dances in the African society. Apart from the accompanying instruments, state three other factors. (3 marks)
   2. Outline three roles of music in communal work. (3 marks)
   3.    
      1. Outline two roles of props as a visual display in the performance of African traditional dances. (2 marks)
      2. Name any other visual display used in African traditional dances. (1 mark)
   4. Name two African traditional melodic idiophones. (2 marks)
4. WESTERN MUSIC
   Answer any two of the following questions (a), (b), (c) and (d)
   1. Claudio Monteverdi
      1. What was Monteverdi's nationality? (1 mark)
      2. State three characteristic features of The Coronation of Poppea opera? (3 marks)
      3. Name two other operas by Monteverdi. (1 mark)
      4. Why were Monteverdi's works regarded as revolutionary? (2 marks)
   2. George Frederick Handel
      1. What type of work is Music for the Royal Fireworks?
      2. For what purpose was Music for the Royal Fireworks written? (1 mark)
      3. State two reasons why the Messiah was well received by the public in London. (2 marks)
      4. Name two contemporaries of Handel. (1 mark)
      5. With reference to Handel's style of composition, outline his treatment of:
         1. melody; (1 mark)
         2. harmony. (1 mark)
   3. Edward Elgar (1)
      1. What was Elgar's nationality? (1 mark)
      2. Name his choral work which was based on the Roman Catholic text. (1 mark)
      3. For what medium was Enigma Variations written? (1 mark)
      4. Explain how Elgar embraced the use of technology in the presentation of his music between 1914 and 1925. (2 marks)
      5. Outline any two stylistic features of Elgar's music. (2 marks).
   4. Sergei Prokofiev
      1. Name Prokofiev's first symphony? (1 mark)
      2. What is a symphonic poem? (1 mark)
      3. Name the most popular symphonic poem by Prokofiev. (1 mark)
      4. Outline four characteristic features of Prokofiev's piano music (4 marks)
5. PRESCRIBED AFRICAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC
   Mijikenda Ensemble from Folk Music of East Africa.
   1. Outline four features that characterise the singing. (4 marks)
   2. Describe the performance in relation to the following.
      1. Texture; (2 marks)
      2. Call and response; (1 mark)
   3. Outline two roles of the Upatu in the performance. (2 marks)
   4. Describe the ending of the performance. (1 mark)
6. PRESCRIBED WESTERN MUSIC
   Recitative: “Behold I Tell You a Mystery"
   and 
   Air: “The Trumpet Shall Sound.” From the Messiah by George F. Handel.
   1. Identify the chord formed in bars 1 and 2 of the voice part in the recitative. (1 mark)
   2. With reference to bar numbers, describe the form of the Air. (4 marks)
   3. State how imitation has been used from Bar 1 to 28 of the Air. (1 mark)
   4. State the meaning of the following devices used in the music, citing specific examples from the score.
      1. Word painting; (2 marks)
      2. Melisma. (2 marks)
         

SECTION C: GENERAL MUSIC KNOWLEDGE (20 marks)

7.    
   1. Explain how each of the following factors influence the performance of African traditional music.
      1. Modern technology; (2 marks)
      2. Religion; (2 marks)
      3. Rural/Urban migration. (2 marks)
   2. State the meaning of each of the following: (1 mark)
      1. Motif;(1 mark)
      2. Rondo;(1 mark)
      3. Ululation; (1 mark)
      4. The '48”. (1 mark)
   3. State the meaning of each of the following in relation to the music industry. (1 mark)
      1. Copyright;(1 mark)
      2. Royalties; (1 mark)
      3. Piracy. (1 mark)
   4.      
      1. State two roles of music in advertising. (2 marks)
      2. The following melody is written for the clarinet in B flat. Write it in concert pitch. (5 marks)
         

MARKING SCHEME

1.    
   1.    
      • 16 bars (correct bars) 
      • Modulation (well established)
        • 1 mark for sub-dominant key | mark for an unestablished cadence
        • 1 mark for the return to the tonic 
      • Lyricism
      • Cadences (Final cadence and 1 other)(perfect or plagal for final cadence)
      • Appropriate use of Tempo variations
      • Appropriate use of Triplet (conform to time signature)
      • Phrasing (2 bar phrasing)
      • Melodic curve with a climax
      • Rhythm - (variation / conformity)
        Total 12 marks
   2.    
      • Speech rhythm / accents (1 mark per phrase)
      • Syllabic division (1 mark for each phrase)
      • Rhythm variety ( mark as a whole)
      • Lyricism
      • Cadences (1 mark each for final cadence and any other)
      • Time signature
      • Melodic curve / climax / shape /
      • Phrase marks (as a whole)
        Total 12 marks
        
2. Award marks as follows:
   • Appropriate chords: ½ mark for each correct chord - Voice leading:
     • Alto
     • Tenor
     • Bass
   • Cadences at the end of each phrase
     • Plagal / imperfect (Bar 2)
     • Cadential % (1 mark for a correct perfect cadence)
   • Range (mark as a whole)
     Total 14 marks
     
     Progression: devoid of the following faults
   • Consecutive 5ths
   • Parallel octaves
   • Overlapping of parts
   • Spacing
   • Double 3rd in primary chords
   • Exposed octaves
   • Unison to 5th or 8ves and vice versa
   • Wrong use of inversions
   • Wrong direction of stems (mark as a whole)
   • Wrong note values (mark as a whole) (maximum deductions: 6 marks)
   • Bracing
   • Fifths to octaves and vice versa
3.    
   1.    
      1.      
         • Isikuti/Isukuti/Isugudi
         • Arutu
         • Gonda
         • Sengenya
         • Mwazindika
         • Ngutha / Muriempe/Mwijiru
         • Atenusu
         • Ohangla/Bul Ensemble
         • Mabumbumbu
         • Luhya 
         • Luhya/Samia
         • Giriama / Mijikenda
         • Digo / Mijikenda
         • Dawida/Taita
         • Chuka/ Mbeere/Embu/Meru 
         • Iteso 
         • Luo
         • Mijikenda
           ½ mark for each correct ensemble (½ x 3)
           1½ marks
           ½ mark for each relevant community (½ x 3)
           1½ marks
      2.    
         • Occasion when the dance is performed
         • Performers who take part in the dance/gender eg. Mwali, Chemililit
         • Costumes worn when performing the dance
         • Body movements dominant in the dance/dance style
           (1 mark each for any three relevant factors) 3 marks
   2.    
      • Make work appear easy
      • Boost morale of workers
      • Mock lazy workers/redicule the workers
      • Encourage people to work together/encourage workers/praise the workers
      • Create work rhythm
      • Entertain themselves while working
      • Educate the workers
        (1 mark each for any three relevant points) 3 marks
   3.    
      1.    
         • Add colour to performance
         • Distinguish and spell out roles
         • Identify the community that originally performed it
         • Identify the occasion of the dance
         • Uniformity of performers 
         • Cue or signal change in performance 
         • Display the theme of dance 
         • Capturing attention of audience
           (1 mark each for any two relevant points) 2 marks
      2.    
         • Costume
         • Decor/make-ups/body decorations
           (1 mark each for any one relevant point)
   4.    
      • Adong'o
      • Marimba
        (1 mark each for any two instruments)
        2 marks
        Total 14 marks
4.    
   1. Claudio Monteverdi
      1. Italian
         1 mark
      2.    
         • had tragic, romantic and comedic scenes
         • use of more realistic portrayal of the characters
         • small, lively orchestra with limited use of the choir
         • use of pizzicato & tremolo for strings (1 mark each for any three relevant points)
           3 marks
      3.    
         • Orfeo/Orpheus
         • The combat of Trancredi and Clorinda
         • The return of Ulysses
         • Andromeda
         • L’Arrianna
         • Abdibe
         • Proserpina Rapita
         • La Finta d'Apollo
         • Armida Abbandonata
         • Le Nozzed' Enea Con Lavinia
         • Le Nozzed' Tetide (½ mark each for any two correct operas)
           1 mark
      4.    
         • his works marked the transition from Renaissance style (Prima pratica/prima prattica) of music to that of Baroque period (seconda prattica / seconda pratica)
         • He developed two individual styles of composition - the Renaissance polyphony and the new basso continuo technique of the Baroque. (2 marks for any one relevant point)
           2 marks
   2. George Fredrick Handel
      1. Suite
         • Orchestral
         • Instrumental
           (1 mark each for any one relevant point)
      2.    
         • To celebrate the end of the war of the Austrian succession
         • To celebrate signing of the treaty of Aix-la-chapette
           (1 mark each for any one relevant point)
      3.    
         • The use of English text made it more acceptable to greater public
         • Emotional use of solo recitative, choral work and orchestral accompaniment
         • Effectively combined style of Italian operatic melody and German passion music.
           (1 mark each for any two relevant points)
      4.    
         • J Rameau
         • G. Carissimi
         • J. Lully
         • F. Zachow
         • Giovanni Bononani
         • Nicolai Porpora
         • Antonio Vivaldi
         • Francesco Geminiani
         • Pietro Locatelli
         • Arcangello Corelli
         • George Philip Teleman
         • Domenico Scarlatti
         • J. S Bach
           (½ mark each for any two contemporaries)
      5. Melody:
         • rich in expression
         • use of tonal shifts/modulation
         • melodic contours with rise and fall in majestic arches
         • polyphonic melodies
         • use of counterpoint
         • Cantabile melodies beginning with long sustained notes
         • Ornamentation with trills at phrase endings
         • Use of mellisma
           (1 mark each for any one relevant point)
           
           Harmony
         • Use of diatonic harmony
         • Use of huge / massive chords eg. ninth, seventh chords etc
         • Use of stereotype cadences/implied cadences
         • Use of counterpoint/contrapuntal style
         • Use of first inversion chords
         • Use of tonic and dominant chords excessively
           (1 mark each for any one relevant point)
   3. Edward Elgar
      1. English / British
      2. Dream of Gerontius
      3. Orchestra
      4. He conducted acoustic recordings of his major works in Gramophone records
         2 marks
      5.    
         • Use of short, motif - like phrases
         • Use of wide upward leaps
         • Characteristic use of sequence
         • Active and purposeful bass line
         • Constant mixing of tone colour for expressive purpose
         • Pompous melodies
         • Deliberately note in expression/was the first to use term noblimentato
           (1 mark each for any two relevant points)
           2 marks
   4. Sergei Prokofiey
      1. Classical symphony 1 mark
      2. Is a piece of orchestral music in a single movement based on pictorial or literal ideas/programmatic in nature. 1 mark
      3. Peter and the Wolf 1 mark
      4.    
         • extensive use of polytonality
         • use of chromatic notes and dissonant notes
         • use of unusual time signatures
         • use of tertiary harmonics
         • use of etudes/studies
         • deceptive resolution of chords of the dominant function
         • imitating orchestral sonorities
         • Violent rhythms
         • Abrupt modulations
         • Harsh dissonance
         • Unexpected turn of phrases
           (1 mark each for any four relevant points)
           4 marks
5.    
   1.    
      • Solo singing
      • A low pitched male voice
      • Ornamented / decorated / embellished singing/cultured voice
      • Repetition of phrases
      • Variation of text
      • Anacrucic phrasing/long phrasing/irregular phrasing
        (1 mark each for any four relevant points)
        4 marks
   2.    
      1.    
         • The first section has a thin / light texture.
           It has a solo voice and a drum providing the beat.
         • The second section has a thicker / denser / weightier / richer / heavier texture
           It has more instruments playing varied rhythmic patterns.
           (1 mark each for any relevant point in each section)
           2 marks
      2. Dialogue between patterns played by the high pitched drum (chapuo) and the low pitched drums (mabumbumbu) in the instrumental section
         (1 mark each for any relevant points)
   3.    
      • Marks the beginning of the instrumental section
      • Maintains the beat / pulse
      • Links the vocal and instrumental sections
      • Provides percussive accompaniment
      • Adds color and brightens the ensemble or performance
      • Enhance texture
      • Provide contrasting rhythm
      • Contribute to the climax of the performance
        (1 mark each for any two relevant points)
        2 marks
   4.    
      • It fades away
      • The rest of the instruments stop playing apart from the chapuo, which plays to the end and fades away
        (1 mark for any one relevant points)
        1 mark
6.    
   1. Chord I in D major / DF* A / Tonic chord of D major / Tonic arpeggio / dmsd
      1 mark
   2. Bar 1 - 156² A (1 mark)
      Bar 156³ - 213 B (1 mark)
      Bar 28 - 156² A (1 mark)
      Ternary form/Aria da capo(1 mark)
   3. There's imitation between the trumpet and bassi/continuo
      There's imitation between the trumpet and the rest of the instruments
      (1 mark each for any one relevant points)
   4.    
      1. Word painting - Matching of music to the meaning of the lyrics.
         Bar 28 - 34
         Bar 78 - 90
         (1 mark each for any relevant example)
      2. Melisma - setting many notes to one syllable of text  (1 mark)
         Bar 60 - 66
         " 102 - 106
         " 112 - 114
         " 116 - 117
         " 123 - 128
         " 132 - 136
         " 170 - 174
         " 200 - 209
         (1 mark each for any relevant example)

SECTION C: GENERAL MUSIC KNOWLEDGE (20 marks)

7.    
   1.    
      1. Modern technology
         • Modern / factory made / artificial / improvised materials used in the construction of instruments influence their tone, pitch range, role sonority, etc.
         • Factory made and improvised materials are used as costumes. This has influenced authenticity and function of the costumes in performance. -
         • Use of speakers, microphones, CDs, recordings instead of / during live performances.
           These influence tone and volume of performances.
         • The real African traditional instruments are replaced by computer-programmed sounds which has changed the pitch, timbre of their performance. (2 marks for any one relevant point)
           2 marks
      2. Religion
         • Modern religion discourages some aspects of traditional African music performance, leading to the disappearance of some music.
         • Influence on traditional African music style of performance by adding on harmony, changing the structure, text, dance movements / patterns, instruments, etc.
         • Adaptation of traditional folk music and instruments.
           (2 marks for any one relevant point)
      3. Rural - urban migration ming
         • Movement to and from urban areas causes people to learn new cultures that influence the performance of traditional music. It causes integration of styles of performance, instrumentation and costuming.
         • Movement to urban areas has reduced African Music performance.
         • Dilution of authenticity of original dance style.
           (2 marks for any one relevant point)
   2.    
      1. Motif - A short melodic / rhythmic / harmonic pattern or figure that is recognizable throughout a composition.
      2. Rondo - A form of music with recurring theme A, ad alternating episodes B, C, D, etc, taking the structure; A BACA ....
      3. Ululation - long, waivery, high-pitched vocal sound with a trilling quality.
         High pitch vocal ornaments produced by women.
      4. The '48' - Two sets of 24 preludes and fugues by J. S Bach.
         (1 mark for each relevant definition)
   3.    
      1. Copyright - legal right granted to a music composer, publisher, promoter or distributor to exclusive publication, sale or distribution of a musical work.
      2. Royalties - share paid to a music composer/performer out of the proceeds resulting from the sale or performance or broadcast of his or her musical work.
      3. Piracy - unauthorised use or production of copyrighted or patented music material.
         (1 mark each for each relevant meaning)
         3 marks
   4.    
      1.    
         • To attract public attention to a product.
         • To communicate intended message(s) on a product.
         • Serves as background to/ for spoken material.
         • Helps form attitude towards a product.
         • Makes slogans or products memorable.
         • Acts as a signature tune for the advertisement.
         • Entertainment of the audience.
         • Educate the audience. (1 mark each for two relevant points)
           2 marks
      2. 
         
         Key signature (1 mark)
         ½ mark for each correct note (4 marks)
         Total 5 marks