History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Nginda Girls Mock Examination 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• The paper consists of three sections A, B and C
• Answer all question in section A
• Choose any THREE questions in section B and any TWO questions in section C

QUESTIONS

SECTION A (25mks)
Answer all questions in this section

1. Name two types of written materials used by historians as a source of history and government. (2mks)
2. List two economic activities of early man during the stone age period. (2mks)
3. Name the person who invented seed drill. (1mk)
4. State two ways trough which slaves were obtained in West Africa during the Trans-Atlantic trade. (2mks)
5. Give two features of the Roman roads by 300AD. (2mks)
6. Identify the MAIN use of steam power during the industrial revolution in Europe. (1mk)
7. Outline the MAIN factor that led to the growth of ancient town in Kilwa. (1mk)
8. Name two officials who assisted the ruler of Shona to administer the kingdom. (2mks)
9. State the social factors which caused the maji maji rebellion. (1mk)
10. Outline the role of emirs of Northern Nigeria during the colonial period. (1mk)
11. Give two roles played Ex-World war soldiers in the growth of African nationalism after 1945. (2mks)
12. Identify one way in which the cold war was fought. (1mk)
13. Give two economic benefits enjoyed by members of common wealth. (2mks)
14. Identify two principles of Arusha declaration of 1967. (2mks)
15. Define the term Non-Alignment movement (NAM). (1mk)
16. Identify one house of congress in USA. (1mk)
17. State one function of the International Court of Justice in the United Nations Organisation.(1mk)

SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any three questions in this section

18.  
    1. Give five reasons why hunting of wild animals was mainly a group activity during the stone age period. (5mks)
    2. Discuss the factors that led to the Agrarian revolution in America. (10mks)
19.  
    1. State three factors that led to the development of Trans-Atlantic trade. (3mks)
    2. Explain the factors for the decline of Trans-Saharan trade. (12mks)
20.  
    1. Give five factors that led to the growth of the Asante empire by the 19th century. (5mks)
    2. Explain 5 reasons why the Africans were defeated during the Maji Maji rebellion. (10mks)
21.  
    1. Give 3 social developments which have taken place in Tanzania since independence. 3mks
    2. Explain six political challenges in DRC. (12mks)

SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer any two questions in this section

22.  
    1. Give three reasons why United States of America did not join the First World War until 1917. (3mks)
    2. Explain six effects of the Second World War. (12mks)
23.  
    1. State three reasons why the British used indirect rule in Northern Nigeria. (3mks)
    2. Explain six problems experienced by French administration in Senegal. (12mks)
24.  
    1. Outline the five roles of the prime minister in India. (5mks)
    2. Explain the functions of House of Lords in Britain. (10mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A 25MKS

1. Name two types of written materials used by historians as a source of history and government. (2mks)
   • Books
   • Charts
   • Map
   • Scrolls
   • painting
   • stone tablet
   •  Newspapers /Magazines
   • Diaries/biographies
   • Journals/Periodicals
   • Government records.
2. List two economic activities of early man during the stone age period. (2mks)
   • Hunting wild animals
   • Gathering wild fruits, roots and vegetables
   • Making stone implements
   • Crop growing and animal keeping
   • Fishing in the late stone age
3. Name the person who invented seed drill. (1mk)
   • Jethro Tull
4. State two ways through which slaves were obtained in West Africa during the Trans-Atlantic trade. (2mks)
   • Criminals or social misfits were sold by Chiefs
   • Captives of war were sold out
   • Panyarring ie selling people who were unable to repay debts
   • Kidnapping lone walkers
   • Raiding villages to capture slave
   • Enticing children with gifts
   • The weak in society e.g widows, orphans
5. Give two features of the Roman roads by 300AD. (2mks)
   • They were straight
   • They were drained
   • They were durable
   • They had bridges/tunnels
6. Identify the MAIN use of steam power during the industrial revolution in Europe. (1mk)
   • Driving engines /machines in industries
7. Outline the MAIN factor that led to the growth of ancient town in Kilwa. (1mk)
   • It's control of sofala gold trade/ trade in gold.
8. Name two officials who assisted the ruler of Shona to administer the kingdom. (2mks)
   • The head cook
   • Head gate keeper
   • The court steward
   • The queen mother
   • The Emperor’s sister
   • The head drummer
   • The head of the army
   • The nine principal wives of the king
9. State one social factors which caused the maji maji rebellion. (1mk)
   • The Germans anti-social behavior like raping, adultery, fornication.
   • Germans disrespect towards African traditional practices and beliefs.
   • Kinjeketile's magic water instilled confidence in people.
   • The ruthlessness or brutality of Germans to Africans through flogging.
10. Outline the role of emirs of Northern Nigeria during the colonial period. (1mk)
    • The collected taxes
    • They settled disputes
    • They maintained law and order
    • They recruited labour for public projects
    • They eliminated practices that were not acceptable to the British
11. Give two roles played Ex-World war soldiers in the growth of African nationalism after 1945. (2mks)
    • They applied military skills/tactics for fighting.
    • They trained African nationalist in military skills.
    • They joined/formed nationalist movements.
    • They organized or mobilized Africa nationalist.
    • They made or serviced the weapon used by nationalists.
12. Identify one way in which the cold war was fought. (1mk)
    • Through the propaganda
    • Through economic sanctions
    • Through financial aid to the allies
    • Through military support to the allies of the enemy
13. Give two economic benefits enjoyed by members of commonwealth. (2mks)
    • They enjoy favourable trading opportunities to members.
    • The financial assistance is given to the poor nations.
    • Technical assistance and research to member countries.
    • Support for youth programs or projects for development.
14. Identify two principles of Arusha declaration of 1967. (2mks)
    • The self-reliance
    • Nationalization of the main means of production
    • Ujamaa or socialism policy
    • Human equality or non-discrimination
15. Define the term Non-Alignment movement (NAM). (1mk)
    • This is an independent policy adopted by newly independent states in Africa, Middle East and Latin America not join the power bloc rivalry.
16. Identify one house of congress in USA. (1mk)
    • The Senate
    • The house of representatives
17. State one function of the international court of justice in the united nation organisation. (1mk)
    • It settled disputes like international boarders
    • To give advisory opinions on questions referred to it by UN organs

SECTION B ( 45MKS)

18.  
    1. Give 5 reasons why hunting of wild animals was mainly a group activity during the stone age period. (5mks)
       • The wild animals were dangerous to people or could kill people.
       • They could easily surround the animals.
       • The spotting or locating the animal was easier.
       • Less time was taken to catch the animals.
       • To give moral encouragement or team spirit.
       • They could catch more animals.
    2. Discuss the factors that led to the Agrarian Revolution in North American. (10mks)
       • The introduction of the enclosure system in Britain forced landless to migrate to North America where they introduced new farming methods.
       • Availability of land for the farming of different crop varieties such as tobacco, cotton and wheat/reclamation of waste land of irrigation.
       • Government recognition of individual land ownership (the Homestead Act 1860) encouraged settlers to farm.
       • The granting of financial aid / capital to farmers to buy and develop land /credit facilities.
       • The introduction of slave labour ensured adequate supply of labour for farming.
       • Determination by the European immigrants to succeed in agriculture as there was no other sources of livelihood.
       • The increase in demand for agricultural raw materials by European industrialists encouraged expansion in agriculture/availability of foreign market.
       • The mechanization of agriculture stimulated productivity e.g the steel plough and the mechanical reaper, cotton gin
       • The development of food preservation methods of canning and refrigeration encouraged farmers to produce more.
       • The application of science and research to agricultural (e.g. biotechnology development of new foods from existing crops, use of fertilizers and genetic engineering in livestock production) facilitated the Agrarian Revolution.
       • Increase in population created demand for food which led to expansion of agriculture.
19.  
    1. State 3 factors that led to the development of Trans-Atlantic trade. (3mks)
       • Availability of trade items.
       • Demand for slaves in the New World; due to mines and plantation farming in America.
       •  Availability of sailing ships with greater capacity to carry goods.
       • The discovery of the compass to give directions when sailing to and fro.
       •  Availability of fire arms in west Africa facilitated slave raiding.
       • Existence of trade routes/trade links between European nations and West Africa.
       • The trade was lucrative due to profits generated.
    2. Explain the factors for the decline of Trans-Saharan trade. (12mks)
       • The gold and salt fields got exhausted reducing supply.
       • Fall of empires like Songhai caused political instability and insecurity in the region.
       • External invasion by Morocco cost destruction of some commercial centres like Gao and Timbukutu.
       • The rise and growth of trans-Atlantic trade rendered trans-Saharan trade unpopular.
       • European trading activities along West African coast undermined the trade.
       • Abolition of slave trade from the 1840s denied the traders the main trade’ item’.
       • The Tuaregs changed their roles as guides and became robbers of the caravans.
       • The desert condition like sand storms and desert insects affected the traders
20.  
    1. Give 5 factors that led to the growth of the Asante empire by the 19th century. (5mks)
       • Tran-Atlantic trade generated a lot of wealth which enabled the empire to prosper
       • It had able/skilled/shrewd rulers who were courageous/development conscious
       •  They had a symbol of unity/golden stool which bonded the people together
       • Centralized system of administration ensured stability as there was clear command
       • Strong agricultural base ensured regular food supply leading to growth of population
       • Presence of large/strong army provided defense/expanded the empire through conquest.
       • Availability of gold enabled the kingdom to generate wealth that was used for further development.
       • The Odwira Festival brought the leaders/people together thereby making the empire more cohesive.
       •  The need to free themselves from the oppressive Denkiyra rule.
       • The unity of the Akan speaking people around Kumasi Oyoko clan.
    2.  Explain five reasons why the Africans were defeated during the maji maji rebellion. (10mks)
       • The use of scorched earth policy by the Germans led to destruction of farms/food thereby weakening their resolve to continue with the war.
       • Disunity among the Africans made it easy for the Germans to defeat them.
       • Germans were well trained and had a disciplined army.
       • Germans had superior weapons/guns compared to the African soldiers/warriors who used mainly bows and arrows.
       • The Germans received reinforcement/mercenaries from Germany and other countries like Somali, Sudan and Guinea.
       • Large/ powerful communities which had been defeated by Germans did not join the war e.g. the Hehe, Yao and Nyamwezi.
       • The arrest/capture and execution of African leaders by Germans demoralized the fighters resulting to their surrender.
       •  The failure African traditional religion to use magic water could protect them from the German bullets hence their defeat.
       • Poor organization of Africans/leaders compared to the Germans who had a proper structure of command.
21.  
    1. Highlight three social developments which have taken place in Tanzania since independence. (3mks)
       • Establishment of more schools, colleges, universities.
       •  Introduction of free universal primary education.
       • Promotion of education geared towards socialism ideas.
       •  Improvement of health sector by building more health facilities.
       • Kiswahili has been adopted as the national language.
       •  Promotion of African cultural values to preserve their heritage.
       • There has been freedom of worship.
       •  Women roles in leadership and development has greatly been appreciated.
    2. Explain six political challenges in Democratic Republican of Congo since independence. (12mks)
       • Political upheavals from ideological differences, tribalism and colonial hangover /Ethnicity.
       • Secession of Katanga and Kasai regions weakened the country.
       • The foreigners in Congo turned to former colonialists for support hence undermining Congo’s independence
       • Lumumba’s assassination made the country to almost disintegrate
       • Between 1960-1964, the UN and Belgian interfered a lot with the country’s internal affairs
       • When Mobutu took over there was a shift from democracy to dictatorship e.g. one party system
       • Between 1977 to 1978, there was the rebellion and 200 soldiers died (Shaba rebellion)
       • Kabila was assassinated in 2001 his successor found it difficult to bring peace in DRC
       • Poor relationship with neighbouring countries due to the rebel groups

SECTION C 30MKS

22.  
    1. Give 3 reasons why United states of America did not join the first world war until 1917. (3mks)
       • Desire to abide by the terms of the Monroe Doctrine of 1823.
       • Fear of revolts by her citizens of German origin.
       • Fear of an outbreak of civil war between American of German descent and those of other European nationalities.
       • The war had not interfered with USA interests until 1916.
    2.  Explain six social effects of the 2nd world war. (12mks)
       • Depopulation and great suffering as Millions of people perished either in war or due to famine and diseases.
       • People suffered psychologically and emotionally from the loss of loved ones and torture of the war.
       • The end of the war witnessed change in the status of women. Women started doing work, which was initially monopolized by men. E.g. military and management.
       • There was permanent ill health and shortening of life for millions of peoples because of years of undernourishment or captivity.
       • There was massive Destruction of property such as homes, houses.
       • A large number of people were displaced as people moved to look for peaceful areas and this led to great suffering. The new refugees included the Jews, Slavs and the poles.
       • The war fomented bitter feelings and mistrust among the countries that fought
       • The war helped to shade off the myth popularized by Europeans that they were a superior race to Africans as European causalities in the war proved that they were mortals.
23.  
    1. State three reasons why the British used indirect rule in Northern Nigeria. (3mks)
       • To avoid resistance from the people of Northern Nigeria.
       • The British had inadequate personnel for the vast territory.
       • There was an established centralized system of administration.
       • There communication barrier between the British and the local communities.
       • It was difficult to reach all parts of the territory due to inadequate transport and communication systems.
       • To reduce the cost of administration.
       • The method had successfully been used in some of their colonies.
    2. Explain six problems experienced by French administration in Senegal. (12mks)
       • Communication barrier made it difficult to administer effectively
       • Poor transport network hampered the French mobility to various places
       • Resistance by African traditional leaders who feared loss of their positions
       • The assimilation required patience as Africans were reluctant to forsake the traditional way of life
       • The French lacked adequate funds to sustain their operations
       • They faced hostility from the Muslims who were opposed to Christianity
       • Resistance by the French traders or businessmen due to competition from Africans
       • Resistance by the French parliamentarian as they feared to be outnumbered in chamber of deputies.
24.  
    1. Outline the five roles of the prime minister in India. 5mks
       • He/she advises the president on the appointment of the cabinet.
       • He/she chairs cabinet meetings.
       •  He/she is the chief spokesperson of the government.
       • He/she advises on the appointment of senior officers in the government.
       • He/she recommends persons for the awards of civil honours and distinctions.
       • He/she is answerable to the parliament on matters of national concern.
       • He/she heads the Council of ministers and the government.
    2.  Explain the functions of House of Lords in Britain. (10mks)
       •  It sits as court of appeal for civil cases that are presided over by the Speaker.
       • It facilitates House of Lords or House of Commons in law making
       • It initiates routine and non-controversial bills to which he House of Commons has no time to address.
       •  It can hold bills from House of Common long enough for public approval.
       • It questions ministers on activities of the government.
       • Can accept, amend or reject bills in collaboration with the House of Commons.
       •  It debates on the general issues of national policies, interests.
       • It checks on the powers of the executive.
       • It provides continuity from one parliament to another.